文章目录

一、实现效果1. python代码2. 运行效果二、基本思路1. 爬虫部分2. tkinter界面

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一、实现效果

1. python代码

<span>import requests
</span><span>from</span><span> lxml import etree
import re
import tkinter </span><span>as</span><span> tk
</span><span>from</span><span> PIL import Image, ImageTk
</span><span>from</span><span> xpinyin import Pinyin


def get_image(file_nam, width, height):
    im </span>=<span> Image.open(file_nam).resize((width, height))
    </span><span>return</span><span> ImageTk.PhotoImage(im)


def spider():
    headers </span>=<span> {
        </span><span>"</span><span>user-agent</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24</span><span>"</span><span>,
        </span><span>"</span><span>referer</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>https://lishi.tianqi.com/chengdu/index.html</span><span>"</span><span>
    }
    p </span>=<span> Pinyin()
    place </span>= <span>""</span>.join(p.get_pinyin(b1.<span>get</span>()).split(<span>"</span><span>-</span><span>"</span><span>))           # 获取地区文本框的输入  变为拼音
    # 处理用户输入的时间
    # 规定三种格式都可以 </span><span>2018</span>/<span>10</span>/<span>1</span>  2018年10月1日  <span>2018</span>-<span>10</span>-<span>1</span><span>
    date </span>= b2.<span>get</span><span>()   # 获取时间文本框的输入
    </span><span>if</span> <span>"</span><span>/</span><span>"</span> <span>in</span><span> date:
        tm_list </span>= date.split(<span>"</span><span>/</span><span>"</span><span>)
    elif </span><span>"</span><span>-</span><span>"</span> <span>in</span><span> date:
        tm_list </span>= date.split(<span>"</span><span>-</span><span>"</span><span>)
    </span><span>else</span><span>:
        tm_list </span>= re.findall(r<span>"</span><span>d+</span><span>"</span><span>, date)

    </span><span>if</span> <span>int</span>(tm_list[<span>1</span>]) < <span>10</span>:       # <span>1</span>-9月  前面加 <span>0</span><span>
        tm_list[</span><span>1</span>] = f<span>"</span><span>0{tm_list[1]}</span><span>"</span><span>
    # 分析网页规律  构造url
    # 直接访问有该月所有天气信息的页面 提高查询效率
    url </span>= f<span>"</span><span>https://lishi.tianqi.com/{place}/{"".join(tm_list[:2])}.html</span><span>"</span><span>
    resp </span>= requests.<span>get</span>(url, headers=<span>headers)
    html </span>=<span> etree.HTML(resp.text)
    # xpath定位提取该日天气信息
    info </span>= html.xpath(f<span>"</span><span>//ul[@class="thrui"]/li[{int(tm_list[2])}]/div/text()</span><span>"</span><span>)
    # 输出信息格式化一下
    info1 </span>= [<span>"</span><span>日期：</span><span>"</span>, <span>"</span><span>最高气温：</span><span>"</span>, <span>"</span><span>最低气温：</span><span>"</span>, <span>"</span><span>天气：</span><span>"</span>, <span>"</span><span>风向：</span><span>"</span><span>]
    datas </span>= [i + j <span>for</span> i, j <span>in</span><span> zip(info1, info)]
    info </span>= <span>"</span><span>
</span><span>"</span><span>.join(datas)
    t.insert(</span><span>"</span><span>insert</span><span>"</span>, <span>"</span><span>        查询结果如下        

</span><span>"</span><span>)
    t.insert(</span><span>"</span><span>insert</span><span>"</span><span>, info)
    print(info)


win </span>=<span> tk.Tk()
win.title(</span><span>"</span><span>全国各地历史天气查询系统</span><span>"</span><span>)
win.geometry(</span><span>"</span><span>500x500</span><span>"</span><span>)

# 画布  设置背景图片
canvas </span>= tk.Canvas(win, height=<span>500</span>, width=<span>500</span><span>)
im_root </span>= get_image(<span>"</span><span>test.jpg</span><span>"</span>, width=<span>500</span>, height=<span>500</span><span>)
canvas.create_image(</span><span>250</span>, <span>250</span>, image=<span>im_root)
canvas.pack()

# 单行文本
L1 </span>= tk.Label(win, bg=<span>"</span><span>yellow</span><span>"</span>, text=<span>"</span><span>地区：</span><span>"</span>, font=(<span>"</span><span>SimHei</span><span>"</span>, <span>12</span><span>))
L2 </span>= tk.Label(win, bg=<span>"</span><span>yellow</span><span>"</span>, text=<span>"</span><span>时间：</span><span>"</span>, font=(<span>"</span><span>SimHei</span><span>"</span>, <span>12</span><span>))
L1.place(x</span>=<span>85</span>, y=<span>100</span><span>)
L2.place(x</span>=<span>85</span>, y=<span>150</span><span>)

# 单行文本框  可采集键盘输入
b1 </span>= tk.Entry(win, font=(<span>"</span><span>SimHei</span><span>"</span>, <span>12</span>), show=None, width=<span>35</span><span>)
b2 </span>= tk.Entry(win, font=(<span>"</span><span>SimHei</span><span>"</span>, <span>12</span>), show=None, width=<span>35</span><span>)
b1.place(x</span>=<span>140</span>, y=<span>100</span><span>)
b2.place(x</span>=<span>140</span>, y=<span>150</span><span>)

# 设置查询按钮
a </span>= tk.Button(win, bg=<span>"</span><span>red</span><span>"</span>, text=<span>"</span><span>查询</span><span>"</span>, width=<span>25</span>, height=<span>2</span>, command=<span>spider)
a.place(x</span>=<span>160</span>, y=<span>200</span><span>)

# 设置多行文本框  宽 高  文本框中字体  选中文字时文字的颜色
t </span>= tk.Text(win, width=<span>30</span>, height=<span>8</span>, font=(<span>"</span><span>SimHei</span><span>"</span>, <span>18</span>), selectforeground=<span>"</span><span>red</span><span>"</span><span>)  # 显示多行文本
t.place(x</span>=<span>70</span>, y=<span>280</span><span>)

# 进入消息循环
win.mainloop()</span>

www#gaodaima.com来源gao@!dai!ma.com搞$$代^@码网搞代码

2. 运行效果

运行效果如下：

二、基本思路

导入用到的库

<span>import requests
</span><span>from</span><span> lxml import etree
import re
import tkinter </span><span>as</span><span> tk
</span><span>from</span><span> PIL import Image, ImageTk
</span><span>from</span> xpinyin import Pinyin

1. 爬虫部分

目标url：https://lishi.tianqi.com/

该网站提供了全国34个省、市所属的2290个地区的历史天气预报查询，数据来源于城市当天的天气信息，可以查询到历史天气气温，历史风向，历史风力等历史天气状况。

分析网页可以发现，某个地区、某个月的所有天气数据的url为：https://lishi.tianqi.com/ + 地区名字的拼音 + ‘/’ + 年月.html。
根据用户输入的地区和时间，进行字符串的处理，构造出url，用于request请求有该月所有天气信息的页面，获取响应后Xpath定位提取用户输入的要查询的日期的天气信息，查询结果显示在tkinter界面。

爬虫代码如下：

<span>def spider():
    headers </span>=<span> {
        </span><span>"</span><span>user-agent</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24</span><span>"</span><span>,
        </span><span>"</span><span>referer</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>https://lishi.tianqi.com/chengdu/index.html</span><span>"</span><span>
    }
    p </span>=<span> Pinyin()
    place </span>= <span>""</span>.join(p.get_pinyin(b1.<span>get</span>()).split(<span>"</span><span>-</span><span>"</span><span>))           # 获取地区文本框的输入  变为拼音
    # 处理用户输入的时间
    # 规定三种格式都可以 </span><span>2018</span>/<span>10</span>/<span>1</span>  2018年10月1日  <span>2018</span>-<span>10</span>-<span>1</span><span>
    date </span>= b2.<span>get</span><span>()   # 获取时间文本框的输入
    </span><span>if</span> <span>"</span><span>/</span><span>"</span> <span>in</span><span> date:
        tm_list </span>= date.split(<span>"</span><span>/</span><span>"</span><span>)
    elif </span><span>"</span><span>-</span><span>"</span> <span>in</span><span> date:
        tm_list </span>= date.split(<span>"</span><span>-</span><span>"</span><span>)
    </span><span>else</span><span>:
        tm_list </span>= re.findall(r<span>"</span><span>d+</span><span>"</span><span>, date)

    </span><span>if</span> <span>int</span>(tm_list[<span>1</span>]) < <span>10</span>:       # <span>1</span>-9月  前面加 <span>0</span><span>
        tm_list[</span><span>1</span>] = f<span>"</span><span>0{tm_list[1]}</span><span>"</span><span>
    # 分析网页发现规律   构造url
    # 直接访问有该月所有天气信息的页面 提高查询效率
    url </span>= f<span>"</span><span>https://lishi.tianqi.com/{place}/{"".join(tm_list[:2])}.html</span><span>"</span><span>
    resp </span>= requests.<span>get</span>(url, headers=<span>headers)
    html </span>=<span> etree.HTML(resp.text)
    # xpath定位提取该日天气信息
    info </span>= html.xpath(f<span>"</span><span>//ul[@class="thrui"]/li[{int(tm_list[2])}]/div/text()</span><span>"</span><span>)
    # 输出信息格式化一下
    info1 </span>= [<span>"</span><span>日期：</span><span>"</span>, <span>"</span><span>最高气温：</span><span>"</span>, <span>"</span><span>最低气温：</span><span>"</span>, <span>"</span><span>天气：</span><span>"</span>, <span>"</span><span>风向：</span><span>"</span><span>]
    datas </span>= [i + j <span>for</span> i, j <span>in</span><span> zip(info1, info)]
    info </span>= <span>"</span><span>
</span><span>"</span><span>.join(datas)
    t.insert(</span><span>"</span><span>insert</span><span>"</span>, <span>"</span><span>        查询结果如下        

</span><span>"</span><span>)
    t.insert(</span><span>"</span><span>insert</span><span>"</span><span>, info)
    print(info)</span>

2. tkinter界面

代码如下：

<span>def get_image(file_nam, width, height):
    im </span>=<span> Image.open(file_nam).resize((width, height))
    </span><span>return</span><span> ImageTk.PhotoImage(im)


win </span>=<span> tk.Tk()
# 设置窗口title和大小
win.title(</span><span>"</span><span>全国各地历史天气查询系统</span><span>"</span><span>)
win.geometry(</span><span>"</span><span>500x500</span><span>"</span><span>)

# 画布  设置背景图片
canvas </span>= tk.Canvas(win, height=<span>500</span>, width=<span>500</span><span>)
im_root </span>= get_image(<span>"</span><span>test.jpg</span><span>"</span>, width=<span>500</span>, height=<span>500</span><span>)
canvas.create_image(</span><span>250</span>, <span>250</span>, image=<span>im_root)
canvas.pack()

# 单行文本
L1 </span>= tk.Label(win, bg=<span>"</span><span>yellow</span><span>"</span>, text=<span>"</span><span>地区：</span><span>"</span>, font=(<span>"</span><span>SimHei</span><span>"</span>, <span>12</span><span>))
L2 </span>= tk.Label(win, bg=<span>"</span><span>yellow</span><span>"</span>, text=<span>"</span><span>时间：</span><span>"</span>, font=(<span>"</span><span>SimHei</span><span>"</span>, <span>12</span><span>))
L1.place(x</span>=<span>85</span>, y=<span>100</span><span>)
L2.place(x</span>=<span>85</span>, y=<span>150</span><span>)

# 单行文本框  可采集键盘输入
b1 </span>= tk.Entry(win, font=(<span>"</span><span>SimHei</span><span>"</span>, <span>12</span>), show=None, width=<span>35</span><span>)
b2 </span>= tk.Entry(win, font=(<span>"</span><span>SimHei</span><span>"</span>, <span>12</span>), show=None, width=<span>35</span><span>)
b1.place(x</span>=<span>140</span>, y=<span>100</span><span>)
b2.place(x</span>=<span>140</span>, y=<span>150</span><span>)

# 设置查询按钮  点击 调用爬虫函数实现查询
a </span>= tk.Button(win, bg=<span>"</span><span>red</span><span>"</span>, text=<span>"</span><span>查询</span><span>"</span>, width=<span>25</span>, height=<span>2</span>, command=<span>spider)
a.place(x</span>=<span>160</span>, y=<span>200</span><span>)

# 设置多行文本框  宽 高  文本框中字体  选中文字时文字的颜色
t </span>= tk.Text(win, width=<span>30</span>, height=<span>8</span>, font=(<span>"</span><span>SimHei</span><span>"</span>, <span>18</span>), selectforeground=<span>"</span><span>red</span><span>"</span><span>)  # 显示多行文本
t.place(x</span>=<span>70</span>, y=<span>280</span><span>)

# 进入消息循环
win.mainloop()</span>

tkinter界面效果如下：

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