教你用Python制作一个NBA球员数据查询小程序

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以下文章来源于早起Python ，作者投稿君

一、前言

有时将代码转成带有界面的程序，会极大地方便使用，虽然在网上有很多现成的GUI系统，但是套用别人的代码，心里难免有些尴尬，所以本文将用Python爬虫结合wxpython模块构造一个NBA爬虫小软件

本文框架构造将分为二个部分讲解：

构建GUI界面
举例套用爬虫框架

主要涉及的Python模块有

requests
wx
pymysql
pandas

二、GUI界面设计

首先介绍下流程：GUI界面设计讲解插入界面背景图片

设计GUI界面的代码思路其实很简单，首先导入wx库

<span>import</span> wx

www#gaodaima.com来源gaodai#ma#com搞*代#码网搞代码

这里引用的模块是wxpython模块，建立GUI的模块很多，常见的有PyQt、Tkinter等。这些模块各有各的优缺点，读者可以翻阅相关资料进行选择。

<span>class</span><span> MyFrame(wx.Frame):
    </span><span>def</span> <span>__init__</span><span>(self, parent, id):
        wx.Frame.</span><span>__init__</span>(self, parent, id, <span>"</span><span>titlename</span><span>"</span>,size=(400, 300<span>))
        panel </span>=<span> wx.Panel(self)
        self.bt_confirm </span>= wx.Button(panel, label=<span>"</span><span>name1</span><span>"</span><span>)
        self.bt_confirm.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.OnclickSubmit)
        self.bt_cancel </span>= wx.Button(panel, label=<span>"</span><span>name2</span><span>"</span><span>)
        self.bt_cancel.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.OnclickCancel)
        self.InitUI()</span>

定义全局变量对于初级的GUI来说就是构建一个形式窗口+按钮布置，不需要自建一个模块。但对于高级的GUI诸如投资系统而言，全局变量是尤为重要的，换句话说全局变量需要放在一个py文件中初始化。

上述代码是创建部分的代码，个性化布局需要添加容器进行设置，稍后会在总代码中呈现。

   <span>def</span><span> InitUI(self):
        </span><span>"""</span><span> 点击InitUI，执行方法 </span><span>"""</span>
        
    <span>def</span><span> OnclickSubmit(self,event):
        </span><span>"""</span><span> 绑定OnclickSubmit事件 </span><span>"""</span>

<code> </code>

简单来说就是绑定事件，该事件是你点击对应按钮产生的效果。这部是整个GUI的核心，如果你在做签到系统，那么你就要绑定一个导入员工名单txt文件的事件。

<span>if</span> <span>__name__</span> == <span>"</span><span>__main__</span><span>"</span><span>:
    app </span>= wx.App()                      <span>#</span><span> 初始化</span>
    frame = MyFrame(parent=None,id=-1<span>)   
    frame.Show()                        
    app.MainLoop()                      </span><span>#</span><span> 调用主循环</span>
<span>del</span> app

第四步的基本套路就是如此。

三、举例实现

以一个简单的NBA爬虫系统为例，首先创建面板与布局

<span>class</span><span> MyFrame(wx.Frame):
    </span><span>def</span> <span>__init__</span><span>(self, parent, id):
        wx.Frame.</span><span>__init__</span>(self, parent, id, <span>"</span><span>NBA可视化</span><span>"</span>,size=(400, 300<span>))
        panel </span>=<span> wx.Panel(self)
        self.bt_confirm </span>= wx.Button(panel, label=<span>"</span><span>合同信息</span><span>"</span><span>)
        self.bt_confirm.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.OnclickSubmit)
        self.bt_cancel </span>= wx.Button(panel, label=<span>"</span><span>清空</span><span>"</span><span>)
        self.bt_cancel.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.OnclickCancel)
        self.bt_imf </span>= wx.Button(panel, label=<span>"</span><span>可视化</span><span>"</span><span>)
        self.bt_imf.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.Onclickvisual)
        self.bt_team </span>= wx.Button(panel, label=<span>"</span><span>球队信息</span><span>"</span>,pos=(280,20<span>))
        self.bt_team.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.Onclickteam)
        self.bt_obtain </span>= wx.Button(panel, label=<span>"</span><span>球员信息</span><span>"</span>,pos=(20,20<span>))
        self.bt_obtain.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.Onclickimfor)
        self.bt_ml </span>= wx.Button(panel, label=<span>"</span><span>得分榜</span><span>"</span><span>)
        self.bt_ml.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.Onclickmql)     
        self.title </span>= wx.StaticText(panel, label=<span>"</span><span>NBA可视化</span><span>"</span><span>)
        self.label_user </span>= wx.StaticText(panel, label=<span>"</span><span>球队名称</span><span>"</span><span>)
        self.text_user </span>= wx.TextCtrl(panel, style=<span>wx.TE_LEFT)
        self.label_pwd </span>= wx.StaticText(panel, label=<span>"</span><span>球员名称</span><span>"</span><span>)
        self.text_pwd </span>= wx.TextCtrl(panel, style=<span>wx.TE_LEFT)
        self.label_path </span>= wx.StaticText(panel, label=<span>"</span><span>储存路径</span><span>"</span><span>)
        self.text_pathword </span>= wx.TextCtrl(panel, style=wx.TE_LEFT)

然后添加容器，横向排列

   hsizer_user =<span> wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
        hsizer_user.Add(self.label_user, proportion</span>=0, flag=wx.ALL, border=5<span>)
        hsizer_user.Add(self.text_user, proportion</span>=1, flag=wx.ALL, border=5<span>)
        hsizer_pwd </span>=<span> wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
        hsizer_pwd.Add(self.label_pwd, proportion</span>=0, flag=wx.ALL, border=5<span>)
        hsizer_pwd.Add(self.text_pwd, proportion</span>=1, flag=wx.ALL, border=5<span>)        
        hsizer_path </span>=<span> wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
        hsizer_path.Add(self.label_path, proportion</span>=0, flag=wx.ALL, border=5<span>)
        hsizer_path.Add(self.text_pathword, proportion</span>=1, flag=wx.ALL, border=5<span>)       
        hsizer_button </span>=<span> wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
        hsizer_button.Add(self.bt_confirm, proportion</span>=0, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER, border=5<span>)
        hsizer_button.Add(self.bt_cancel, proportion</span>=0, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER, border=5<span>)
        hsizer_button.Add(self.bt_imf, proportion</span>=0, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER, border=5<span>)
        hsizer_button.Add(self.bt_ml, proportion</span>=0, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER, border=5)

<code><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">    </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></code>

接着添加容器，纵向排列

        vsizer_all =<span> wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        vsizer_all.Add(self.title, proportion</span>=0, flag=wx.BOTTOM | wx.TOP |<span> wx.ALIGN_CENTER,
                        border</span>=15<span>)
        vsizer_all.Add(hsizer_user, proportion</span>=0, flag=wx.EXPAND | wx.LEFT | wx.RIGHT, border=45<span>)
        vsizer_all.Add(hsizer_pwd, proportion</span>=0, flag=wx.EXPAND | wx.LEFT | wx.RIGHT, border=45<span>)
        vsizer_all.Add(hsizer_path, proportion</span>=0, flag=wx.EXPAND | wx.LEFT | wx.RIGHT, border=45<span>)      
        vsizer_all.Add(hsizer_button, proportion</span>=0, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.TOP, border=15<span>)
        panel.SetSizer(vsizer_all)
        self.InitUI()</span>

下一步是事件绑定

    <span>def</span><span> InitUI(self):
        </span><span>"""</span><span> 点击使用说明按钮，执行方法 </span><span>"""</span>        
    <span>def</span><span> OnQuit1(self,e):
        </span><span>"""</span><span> 输入注意事项 </span><span>"""</span>
    <span>def</span><span> OnclickSubmit(self,event):
        </span><span>"""</span><span> 点击合同信息按钮，执行方法 </span><span>"""</span>
    <span>def</span><span> Onclickvisual(self,event):
        </span><span>"""</span><span> 点击可视化按钮，执行方法 </span><span>"""</span>
    <span>def</span><span> OnclickCancel(self,event):
        </span><span>"""</span><span> 点击清空按钮，执行方法 </span><span>"""</span> 
    <span>def</span><span> Onclickimfor(self,event):
        </span><span>"""</span><span> 点击球员名称按钮，执行方法 </span><span>"""</span> 
    <span>def</span><span> Onclickteam(self,event):
        </span><span>"""</span><span> 点击球队名称按钮，执行方法 </span><span>"""</span> 
    <span>def</span><span> Onclickmql(self,event):
        </span><span>"""</span><span> 点击得分榜按钮，执行方法 </span><span>"""</span>

这里的事件处理不是很难，读者可以自己尝试创新，最后执行脚本

<span>if</span> <span>__name__</span> == <span>"</span><span>__main__</span><span>"</span><span>:
    app </span>= wx.App()                      <span>#</span><span> 初始化</span>
    frame = MyFrame(parent=None,id=-1)  <span>#</span><span> 实例MyFrame类，并传递参数 </span>
    frame.Show()                        <span>#</span><span> 显示窗口</span>
    app.MainLoop()                      <span>#</span><span> 调用主循环方法</span>

效果如图

补充：插入背景图片

想要构造一个个性化系统，最不能缺的就是将界面背景换成自己想要的。这里我选择用一张老科的图片。

相信有的读者会觉得一个独立的单机的GUI软件会更适合自己，我也恰恰如此，因此，在设置背景图片中于之后的GUI需要进行打包，故需要将指定的二进制图片base64化，转换后存入py文件后以import为媒介才能打包。二进制代码转换如下：

<span>import</span><span> base64
with open(</span><span>"</span><span>name.jpg</span><span>"</span>,<span>"</span><span>rb</span><span>"</span><span>) as f:  
    base64_str </span>=<span> base64.b64encode(f.read())  
with open(</span><span>"</span><span>%s.py</span><span>"</span> % picture_name.replace(<span>"</span><span>.</span><span>"</span>, <span>"</span><span>_</span><span>"</span>), <span>"</span><span>w+</span><span>"</span><span>) as f1:
    f1.write(base64_str)
    f1.close() </span>

<code><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-keyword"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></code>

此时可以得到有base64编码的py文件，而后在代码中进行引用。由于打包不能打包图片，故这里稍微复杂的实现“引用指定图片的base64编码——创建图片——插入背景图片”功能！

最后再稍加修饰将文本底色改为透明。编写这段代码的框架非常固定，所以我借鉴了大神们的代码，基本代码框架如下：

<span>#</span><span>这里需要在主事件中插入两句话</span>
<span>panel.Bind(wx.EVT_ERASE_BACKGROUND,self.OnEraseBack)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_ERASE_BACKGROUND, self.OnEraseBack)
</span><span>#</span><span>引用编码并创建图片</span>
<span>from</span> bg_png <span>import</span><span> img as bg    
</span><span>def</span><span> pic(picPath,picName):
    tmp </span>= open(picPath, <span>"</span><span>wb</span><span>"</span><span>)        
    tmp.write(base64.b64decode(picName))   
    tmp.close()      
pic(</span><span>"</span><span>bg.png</span><span>"</span><span>,bg)
</span><span>#</span><span>插入图片（子事件 有缩进）</span>
    <span>def</span><span> OnEraseBack(self,event):
        </span><span>"""</span><span>加入图片背景</span><span>"""</span>
        <span>try</span><span> :
            dc </span>=<span> event.GetDC()
            </span><span>if</span> <span>not</span><span> dc:
                dc </span>=<span> wx.ClientDC(self)
                rect </span>=<span> self.GetUpdateRegion().GetBox()
                dc.SetClippingRect(rect)
            dc.Clear()
            bmp </span>= wx.Bitmap(nowpath+r<span>"</span><span>g.png</span><span>"</span><span>)
            dc.DrawBitmap(bmp, </span>-500, -100<span>)
        </span><span>except</span><span> :
            </span><span>pass</span>
<span>#</span><span>将文本底色改为透明</span><span>
#</span><span>第一步：将主事件中wx.StaticText全部换成TransparentStaticText</span><span>
#</span><span>第二步：重现StaticText控件</span>
<span>class</span><span> TransparentStaticText(wx.StaticText):
    </span><span>def</span> <span>__init__</span>(self, parent, id=wx.ID_ANY, label=<span>""</span>, pos=wx.DefaultPosition, size=<span>wx.DefaultSize,
                 style</span>=wx.TRANSPARENT_WINDOW, name=<span>"</span><span>TransparentStaticText</span><span>"</span><span>):
        wx.StaticText.</span><span>__init__</span><span>(self, parent, id, label, pos, size, style, name)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT, self.OnPaint)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_ERASE_BACKGROUND, </span><span>lambda</span><span> event: None)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_SIZE, self.OnSize)
    </span><span>def</span><span> OnPaint(self, event):
        bdc </span>=<span> wx.PaintDC(self)
        dc </span>=<span> wx.GCDC(bdc)
        font_face </span>=<span> self.GetFont()
        font_color </span>=<span> self.GetForegroundColour()
        dc.SetFont(font_face)
        dc.SetTextForeground(font_color)
        dc.DrawText(self.GetLabel(), 0, 0)
    </span><span>def</span><span> OnSize(self, event):
        self.Refresh()
        event.Skip()</span>

最终效果如图：

注意如果你想打包的话，需要代码中中引入下面三个模块：

<span>import</span><span> six
</span><span>import</span><span> packaging
</span><span>import</span><span> packaging.version
</span><span>import</span><span> packaging.specifiers
</span><span>import</span> packaging.requirements

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