Python-Virtualenv

注释

在使用virtualenv前ubuntu默认的解释器是python2.7，而且/usr/lib/python3里面已经安装好了ipython3和requests

$ pythonPython 2.7.12 (default, Nov 19 2016, 06:48:10) [GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux2Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.>>>

$ ipython3    Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 17 2016, 17:05:23) Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.IPython 5.1.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.%quickref -> Quick reference.help      -> Python's own help system.object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.In [1]: import requestsIn [2]:

使用

由于一些兼容性问题，电脑上默认的python版本只能只能使用python2.7，所以创建命令要另外使用-p指定解释器

$ mkdir my_project_folder; cd my_project_folder# 创建虚拟环境$ virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3 venvRunning virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python3Using base prefix '/usr'New python executable in /home/ormsf/my_project_folder/venv/bin/python3Also creating executable in /home/ormsf/my_project_folder/venv/bin/pythonInstalling setuptools, pkg_resources, pip, wheel...done.

激活虚拟环境

$ source venv/bin/activate

现在可以看到提示符前面多了一个venv，代表虚拟环境创建成功

(venv) ~/my_project_folder $ ipython3

实践一下，虚拟环境和实际的环境隔离的

# 无法使用ipython3(venv) ~/my_project_folder $ ipython3  Traceback (most recent call last):  File "/usr/bin/ipython3", line 4, in <module>    from IPython import start_ipythonImportError: No module named 'IPython'# 默认的解释器已经变成了python3(venv) ~/my_project_folder $ pythonPython 3.5.2 (default, Nov 17 2016, 17:05:23) [GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linuxType "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.# 无法使用requests>>> import requestsTraceback (most recent call last):  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>ImportError: No module named 'requests'

注意不需要使用pip3

(venv) ~/my_project_folder $ pip install requestsCollecting requests  Downloading requests-2.13.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (584kB)    100% |████████████████████████████████| 593kB 1.3MB/s Installing collected packages: requestsSuccessfully installed requests-2.13.0

现在request已经能够正确使用了

(venv) ~/my_project_folder $ pythonPython 3.5.2 (default, Nov 17 2016, 17:05:23) [GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linuxType "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.>>> import requests>>>

(venv) ~/my_project_folder $ pip install ipython

现在ipython也已经能够正确使用了

(venv) ~/my_project_folder $ ipyth<strong>本文来源gaodai#ma#com搞@@代~&码网</strong>onPython 3.5.2 (default, Nov 17 2016, 17:05:23) Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.IPython 5.1.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.%quickref -> Quick reference.help      -> Python's own help system.object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.In [1]:

退出

(venv) ~/my_project_folder $ deactivate

原理很简单，就是把系统Python复制一份到virtualenv的环境，用命令source venv/bin/activate进入一个virtualenv环境时，virtualenv会修改相关环境变量，让命令python和pip均指向当前的virtualenv环境。

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