问题
你想从一个简单的XML文档中提取数据。
解决方案
可以使用 xml.etree.ElementTree 模块从简单的XML文档中提取数据。为了演示,假设你想解析Planet Python上的RSS源。下面是相应的代码:
from urllib.request import urlopen from xml.etree.ElementTree import parse # Download the RSS feed and parse it u = urlopen('http://planet.python.org/rss20.xml') doc = parse(u) # Extract and output tags of interest for item in doc.iterfind('channel/item'): title = item.findtext('title') date = item.findtext('pubDate') link = item.findtext('link') print(title) print(date) print(link) print()
运行上面的代码,输出结果类似这样:
Steve Holden: Python for Data Analysis
Mon, 19 Nov 2012 02:13:51 +0000
http://holdenweb.blogspot.com/2012/11/python-for-data-analysis.htmlVasudev Ram: The Python Data model (for v2 and v3)
Sun, 18 Nov 2012 22:06:47 +0000
http://jugad2.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-python-data-model.htmlPython Diary: Been playing around with Object Databases
Sun, 18 Nov 2012 20:40:29 +0000
http://www.pythondiary.com/blog/Nov.18,2012/been-…-object-databases.htmlVasudev Ram: Wakari, Scientific Python in the cloud
Sun, 18 Nov 2012 20:19:41 +0000
http://jugad2.blogspot.com/2012/11/wakari-scientific-python-in-cloud.htmlJesse Jiryu Davis: Toro: synchronization primitives for Tornado coroutines
Sun, 18 Nov 2012 20:17:49 +0000
http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/EmptysquarePython/~3/_DOZT2Kd0hQ/
很显然,如果你想做进一步的处理,你需要替换 print() 语句来完成其他有趣的事。
讨论
在很多应用程序中处理XML编码格式的数据是很常见的。不仅是因为XML在Internet上面已经被广泛应用于数据交换,同时它也是一种存储应用程序数据的常用格式(比如字处理,音乐库等)。接下来的讨论会先假定读者已经对XML基础比较熟悉了。
在很多情况下,当使用XML来仅仅存储数据的时候,对应的文档结构非常紧凑并且直观。例如,上面例子中的RSS订阅源类似于下面的格式:
<?xml version="1.0"?> <rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"> <channel> <title>Planet Python</title> <link>http://planet.python.org/</link> <language>en</language> <description>Planet Python - http://planet.python.org/</description> <item> &l<p>本文来源gao!%daima.com搞$代*!码$网9</p>t;title>Steve Holden: Python for Data Analysis</title> <guid>http://holdenweb.blogspot.com/...-data-analysis.html</guid> <link>http://holdenweb.blogspot.com/...-data-analysis.html</link> <description>...</description> <pubDate>Mon, 19 Nov 2012 02:13:51 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Vasudev Ram: The Python Data model (for v2 and v3)</title> <guid>http://jugad2.blogspot.com/...-data-model.html</guid> <link>http://jugad2.blogspot.com/...-data-model.html</link> <description>...</description> <pubDate>Sun, 18 Nov 2012 22:06:47 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Python Diary: Been playing around with Object Databases</title> <guid>http://www.pythondiary.com/...-object-databases.html</guid> <link>http://www.pythondiary.com/...-object-databases.html</link> <description>...</description> <pubDate>Sun, 18 Nov 2012 20:40:29 +0000</pubDate> </item> ... </channel> </rss>