Django的部署可以有很多方式，采用nginx+uwsgi的方式是其中比较常见的一种方式。这篇文章主要介绍了Django + Uwsgi + Nginx 实现生产环境部署，感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考一下
如何在生产上部署Django?
Django的部署可以有很多方式，采用nginx+uwsgi的方式是其中比较常见的一种方式。
uwsgi介绍
uWSGI是一个Web服务器，它实现了WSGI协议、uwsgi、http等协议。Nginx中HttpUwsgiModule的作用是与uWSGI服务器进行交换。
要注意 WSGI / uwsgi / uWSGI 这三个概念的区分。
1.WSGI是一种Web服务器网关接口。它是一个Web服务器（如nginx，uWSGI等服务器）与web应用（如用Flask框架写的程序）通信的一种规范。
2.uwsgi是一种线路协议而不是通信协议，在此常用于在uWSGI服务器与其他网络服务器的数据通信。
3.而uWSGI是实现了uwsgi和WSGI两种协议的Web服务器。
4.uwsgi协议是一个uWSGI服务器自有的协议，它用于定义传输信息的类型（type of information），每一个uwsgi packet前4byte为传输信息类型描述，它与WSGI相比是两样东西。
uwsgi性能非常高
uWSGI的主要特点如下
1.超快的性能
2.低内存占用（实测为apache2的mod_wsgi的一半左右）
3.多app管理（终于不用冥思苦想下个app用哪个端口比较好了-.-）
4.详尽的日志功能（可以用来分析app性能和瓶颈）
5.高度可定制（内存大小限制，服务一定次数后重启等）
总而言之uwgi是个部署用的好东东，正如uWSGI作者所吹嘘的：
If you are searching for a simple wsgi-only server, uWSGI is not for you, but if you are building a real (production-ready) app that need to be rock-solid, fast and easy to distribute/optimize for various load-average, you will pathetically and morbidly fall in love (we hope) with uWSGI.
Uwsgi 安装使用
# Install the latest stable release: pip install uwsgi # ... or if you want to install the latest LTS (long term support) release, pip install https://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-lts.tar.gz
基本测试
Create a file called test.py:
# test.py def application(env, start_response): start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')]) return [b"Hello World"] # python3 #return ["Hello World"] # python2
运行
uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py
用uwsgi 启动django
uwsgi --http :8000 --module mysite.wsgi
可以把参数写到配置文件里
alex@alex-ubuntu:~/uwsgi-test$ more crazye-uwsgi.ini [uwsgi] http = :9000 #the local unix socket file than commnuincate to Nginx socket = 127.0.0.1:8001 # the base directory (full path) chdir = /home/alex/CrazyEye # Django's wsgi file wsgi-file = CrazyEye/wsgi.py # maximum number of worker processes processes = 4 #thread numbers startched in each worker process threads = 2 #monitor uwsgi status stats = 127.0.0.1:9191 # clear environment on exit vacuum = true
启动
/usr/local/bin/uwsgi crazye-uwsgi.ini
Nginx安装使用
sudo apt-get install nginx sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start # start nginx
为你的项目生成Nginx配置文件
You will need the uwsgi_params file, which is available in the nginx directory of the uWSGI distribution, or from https://github.com/nginx/nginx/blob/master/conf/uwsgi_params
Copy it into your project directory. In a moment we will tell nginx to refer to it.
Now create a file called mysite_nginx.conf, and put this in it:
# mysite_nginx.conf # the upstream component nginx needs to connect to upstream django { # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first) } # configuration of the server server { # the port your site will be served on listen 8000; # the domain name it will serve for server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN charset utf-8; # max upload size client_max_body_size 75M; # adjust to taste # Django media location /media { alias /path/to/your/mysite/media; # your Django project's media files - amend as required } location /static { alias /path/to/your/mysite/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required } # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server. location / { uwsgi_pass django; include /path/to/your/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed } }
This conf file tells nginx to serve up media and static files from the filesystem, as well as handle requests that require Django’s intervention. For a large deployment it is considered good practice to let one server handle static/media files, and another handle Django applications, but for now, this will do just fine.
Symlink to this file from /etc/nginx/sites-enabled so nginx can see it:
sudo ln -s ~/path/to/your/mysite/mysite_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
Deploying static files
Before running nginx, you have to collect all Django static files in the static folder. First of all you have to edit mysite/settings.py adding:
STATIC_ROO<div style="color:transparent">来源gaodai^.ma#com搞#代!码网</div>T = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")
and then run
python manage.py collectstatic
此时启动Nginx 和Uwsgi，你的django项目就可以实现高并发啦！
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