一、面向对象
什么是面向对象？
面向过程编程思想与面向对象编程思想对比：
- 面向过程编程思想：
核心是 “过程”二字，过程是指解决问题的步骤，即先干什么再干什么！
基于该编程思想编写程序，就好比在设计一条工厂流水线，一种机械式的思维方式
优点：
将复杂的问题流程化，进而简单化
缺点：
牵一发而动全身，程序的可扩展性差
- 面向对象编程思想：
核心是 “对象” 二字，对象指的是“特征与技能”的结合体。
基于该编程思想编写程序，就好比把自己当做一个上帝在创造世界，一种“上帝式”的思维方式
优点：
可扩展性高
缺点：
面向对象编写程序的复杂程度比面向过程高
注意：编程思想仅仅是一门思想，与任何技术无关
二、类
1、什么是类？
类指的是类型、类别。
在两种角度去看待类：
- 现实世界中：
- 先有一个个对象，经过社会的文明发展，随之总结出类，对象是实际存在的，而类是抽象产生的
- python程序中：
- 必须先由类，再通过调用类产生对象
对象指的是“特征与技能”的结合体， 类指的是一系列“对象之间相同的特征与技能”的结合体
2、如何定义类？
如何写类并产生对象：
- 先从现实世界中通过一个个对象总结出类
- 然后再定义类，后调用产生对象。
比如 “选课系统”：
选课系统 – 学生类：
- 学生对象1：
特征：
- 姓名：tank
- 性别：female
- 年龄：95
- 学校：家里蹲
技能：
- 技术：python
- 学习：learn
- 选课：course
- 学生对象2
特征：
- 姓名：jason
- 性别：female
- 年龄：99
- 学校：家里蹲
技能：
- 技术：python
- 学习：learn
- 选课：course
3、定义类的语法
语法：
class 关键字：帮你产生类
class 类名：
- 对象之间相同的特征
- 学校
school = “家里蹲”
- 对象之间相同的技能
- python
def Python():
pass
- learn
def Learn():
pass
- course
def Course():
pass
类名的规范：
- 驼峰命名法（推荐）
定义一个学生类并对属性进行增删查改：
<span style="font-family:"><span>#</span><span> 定义一个家里蹲学生类</span>
<span>class</span> JldStudent: <span>#</span><span> 类名指向的是类的内存地址</span>
<span>#</span><span> 学生相同的特征</span>
<span>#</span><span> 在类中的特征(即变量)称之为“属性”</span>
school = <span>"</span><span>OldBoy</span><span>"</span>
<span>#</span><span> 注意：在类内部定义函数，会默认产生一个参数self</span>
<span>#</span><span> 学生相同的技能(即函数)称之为“方法”</span>
<span>def</span> learn(self): <span>#</span><span> self此处当做一个形参</span>
<span>print</span>(<span>"</span><span>learning...</span><span>"</span><span>)
</span><span>#</span><span> 查看类的名称空间</span>
<span>print</span>(JldStudent.<span>__dict__</span><span>)
</span><span>print</span>(JldStudent.<span>__dict__</span>[<span>"</span><span>school</span><span>"</span>]) <span>#</span><span> 可调用属性</span>
<span>print</span>(JldStudent.<span>__dict__</span>[<span>"</span><span>learn</span><span>"</span>]) <span>#</span><span> 获取learn方法对象</span>
JldStudent.<span>__dict__</span>[<span>"</span><span>learn</span><span>"</span>](123) <span>#</span><span> 方法对象+()，相当于执行learn函数(方法)</span>
<span>#</span><span> 类提供了一种特殊获取名字的方式 “类名.名字”的方式</span><span>
#</span><span> 查</span>
<span>print</span><span>(JldStudent.school)
JldStudent.learn(</span>12<span>)
</span><span>#</span><span> 改</span>
JldStudent.school = <span>"</span><span>Cld</span><span>"</span>
<span>print</span><span>(JldStudent.school)
</span><span>#</span><span> 删</span>
<span>del</span><span> JldStudent.school
</span><span>#</span><span> print(JldStudent.school) # AttributeError: type object "JldStudent" has no attribute "school"</span>
<span>#</span><span> 增</span>
JldStudent.age = 18
<span>print</span>(JldStudent.age)</span>
www#gaodaima.com来源gao@!dai!ma.com搞$$代^@码网搞代码
执行结果：
<span style="font-family:">{<span>"</span><span>__module__</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>__main__</span><span>"</span>, <span>"</span><span>school</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>OldBoy</span><span>"</span>, <span>"</span><span>learn</span><span>"</span>: <function JldStudent.learn at 0x0000026D35CD97B8>, <span>"</span><span>__dict__</span><span>"</span>: <attribute <span>"</span><span>__dict__</span><span>"</span> of <span>"</span><span>JldStudent</span><span>"</span> objects>, <span>"</span><span>__weakref__</span><span>"</span>: <attribute <span>"</span><span>__weakref__</span><span>"</span> of <span>"</span><span>JldStudent</span><span>"</span> objects>, <span>"</span><span>__doc__</span><span>"</span><span>: None}
OldBoy
</span><function JldStudent.learn at 0x0000026D35CD97B8><span>
learning...
OldBoy
learning...
Cld
</span>18</span>
4、类的名称空间
- 类的名称空间：
在定义阶段时产生，会将类中所有的名字，扔进类的名称空间
- 函数的名称空间：
在调用函数时产生，函数调用结束后销毁
三、对象
1、对象的产生
对象名=类名() —> 调用类产生对象
类的名称空间在定义时产生，对象的名称空间在调用类时产生
调用类产生对象的过程称之为类的实例化，对象称之为一个类的实例
定义一个类：
<span style="font-family:"><span>class</span><span> Student:
</span><span>#</span><span> 学校 ---> 属性</span>
school = <span>"</span><span>Jld</span><span>"</span>
<span>#</span><span> 技能 ---> 方法</span>
<span>def</span><span> learn(self):
</span><span>print</span>(self) <span>#</span><span> 打印输出为 <__main__.Student object at 0x00000000021B6248>，是一个对象</span>
<span>print</span>(<span>"</span><span>learning...</span><span>"</span><span>)
</span><span>#</span><span> 获取对象，产生对象</span>
obj =<span> Student()
</span><span>print</span>(obj) <span>#</span><span> 打印输出为 <__main__.Student object at 0x00000000021B6248>，也是一个对象</span>
<span>#</span><span> 对象调用类内部的名字(属性)</span>
<span>print</span><span>(obj.school)
</span><span>#</span><span> 对象调用类内部的函数(方法)，无需传入参数：会将对象当做第一个参数传给该函数(方法)</span>
obj.learn() <span>#</span><span> 对象的绑定方法，无需传参</span></span>
执行结果：
<span style="font-family:"><<span>__main__</span>.Student object at 0x000001BE191C6908><span> Jld </span><<span>__main__</span>.Student object at 0x000001BE191C6908><span> learning...</span></span>
由对象来调用类内部的函数，称之为对象的绑定方法。
对象的绑定方法特殊之处：会将对象当做第一个参数自动传给该函数(方法)，所以对象调用类内部的函数时无需传参
2、为对象添加独有的属性
定义一个类：
<span style="font-family:"><span>class</span><span> Student:
</span><span>#</span><span> 学校 --> 属性</span>
school = <span>"</span><span>Jld</span><span>"</span>
<span>def</span> <span>__init__</span>(self, name, sex, age): <span>#</span><span> 参数：obj1, "张三", "female", 84</span>
<span>print</span>(self.<span>__dict__</span><span>)
</span><span>#</span><span> 给对象添加新的属性</span>
self.name = name <span>#</span><span> stu1.name = "张三"</span>
self.sex = sex <span>#</span><span> stu1.sex = "female"</span>
self.age = age <span>#</span><span> stu1.age = 84</span>
<span>print</span>(self.<span>__dict__</span><span>)
</span><span>#</span><span> 技能 ---> 方法</span>
<span>def</span><span> learn(self):
</span><span>print</span>(<span>"</span><span>learning...</span><span>"</span><span>)
</span><span><span># obj1 = Student() </span> <span># Student(obj1) ---> __init__(self) ---> self==obj1</span></span><span>
#</span><span> obj2 = Student() # Student(obj2) ---> __init__(self) ---> self==obj2</span><span>
#</span><span> obj3 = Student() # Student(obj3) ---> __init__(self) ---> self==obj3</span>
</span><br><br><span style="font-family:">
<span>#</span><span> 给对象添加独有的属性：</span><span>
#</span><span> 第一种方法（很麻烦）：调用类后，为对象传入对象独有的特征(属性)</span>
obj1.name = <span>"</span><span>张三</span><span>"</span><span>
obj1.sex </span>= <span>"</span><span>female</span><span>"</span><span>
obj1.age </span>= 84
<span>#</span><span> 第二种方法：调用类时，为对象传入对象独有的特征(属性)</span><span>
#</span><span> __init__(self, name, sex, age)：obj1 --> self "张三" --> name "female" --> sex 84 --> age</span><span>
#</span><span> 调用类时：会将对象当做第一个参数，并与括号内所有的参数一并传给__init__()</span>
obj1 = Student(<span>"</span><span>张三</span><span>"</span>, <span>"</span><span>female</span><span>"</span>, 84)</span>
执行结果：
<span style="font-family:"><span>{}
{</span><span>"</span><span>name</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>张三</span><span>"</span>, <span>"</span><span>sex</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>female</span><span>"</span>, <span>"</span><span>age</span><span>"</span>: 84}</span>
注意：凡是在类内部定义的.__或者__结尾的方法都有特殊意义
__init__()：在类内部定义的方法，在调用类时触发，会自动将对象当做第一个参数自动传入并执行
3、对象名字的查找顺序
对象名字的查找顺序：
① 对象.属性，会先找对象自己的
② 若对象没有，会去找类的
③ 对象没有，类也没有，就会报错
定义一个类：
<span style="font-family:"><span>class</span><span> people:
country </span>= <span>"</span><span>China</span><span>"</span><span>
name </span>= <span>"</span><span>李四</span><span>"</span>
<span>def</span> <span>__init__</span><span>(self, name, sex, age):
self.name </span>=<span> name
self.sex </span>=<span> sex
self.age </span>=<span> age
</span><span>def</span><span> run(self):
</span><span>print</span>(<span>"</span><span>running...</span><span>"</span><span>)
obj1 </span>= people(<span>"</span><span>张三</span><span>"</span>, <span>"</span><span>female</span><span>"</span>, 95<span>)
</span><span>print</span>(obj1.name) <span>#</span><span> 张三 找对象自己的name属性</span>
<span>print</span>(obj1.country) <span>#</span><span> China 对象没有，找类中的属性</span><span>
#</span><span> 报错：AttributeError: "people" object has no attribute "json"</span>
<span>print</span>(obj1.json) <span>#</span><span> 对象没有，类也没有，就报错</span></span>
4、一切皆对象
在python中一切皆对象
比如：python的八大数据类型都是类
定义数据类型时，内部会自动调用相应的类，然后产生对象
<span style="font-family:"><span>"""</span><span>
在python中一切皆对象
</span><span>"""</span>
<span>class</span><span> foo:
</span><span>def</span> <span>__init__</span><span>(self, x, y, z):
self.x </span>=<span> x
self.y </span>=<span> y
self.z </span>=<span> z
</span><span>#</span><span> 产生对象</span><span>
#</span><span> 调用类产生对象的过程称之为类的实例化，对象称之为一个类的实例</span>
<span>
foo_obj </span>= foo(10, 20, 30<span>)
</span><span>print</span><span>(foo_obj)
</span><span>#</span><span> 查看 字符串 类型</span>
<span>print</span>(type(str)) <span>#</span><span> <class "type"></span><span>
#</span><span> 查看 列表 类型</span>
<span>print</span>(type(list)) <span>#</span><span> <class "type"></span><span>
#</span><span> 查看 字典 类型</span>
<span>print</span>(type(dict)) <span>#</span><span> <class "type"></span><span>
#</span><span> 查看 元组 类型</span>
<span>print</span>(type(tuple)) <span>#</span><span> <class "type"></span><span>
#</span><span> 查看 浮点型 类型</span>
<span>print</span>(type(float)) <span>#</span><span> <class "type"></span><span>
#</span><span> 查看 整型 类型</span>
<span>print</span>(type(int)) <span>#</span><span> <class "type"></span><span>
#</span><span> 查看 布尔值 类型</span>
<span>print</span>(type(bool)) <span>#</span><span> <class "type"></span>
<span>#</span><span> 除了这些还有很多都是类，既然是类，就可以是对象，所以在python中一切皆对象</span></span>
执行结果：
<span style="font-family:"><<span>__main__</span>.foo object at 0x0000014471D71C88> <<span>class</span> <span>"</span><span>type</span><span>"</span>> <<span>class</span> <span>"</span><span>type</span><span>"</span>> <<span>class</span> <span>"</span><span>type</span><span>"</span>> <<span>class</span> <span>"</span><span>type</span><span>"</span>> <<span>class</span> <span>"</span><span>type</span><span>"</span>> <<span>class</span> <span>"</span><span>type</span><span>"</span>> <<span>class</span> <span>"</span><span>type</span><span>"</span>></span>
四、根据面向对象编程编写一个“人狗大作战”例子
<span style="font-family:"><span>"""</span><span>
需求：有一个人对象，狗对象，狗咬人，人打狗
- 对象人1
- 特征
- 生命：1000
- 名字：name = "张三"
- 攻击力：arg
- 技能
- 打：hit
- 对象人2
- 特征
- 生命：950
- 名字：name = "李四"
- 攻击力：arg
- 技能
- 打：hit
- 抽象出类
- 人类：
- 相同特征
- 生命
- 相同特征
- 打
- 狗对象1
- 特征
- 生命值：150
- 名字：name = "二哈"
- 品种：dog_type = "哈士奇"
- 攻击力：arg
- 技能
- 咬：bite
- 狗对象2
- 特征
- 生命值：250
- 名字：name = "小短腿"
- 品种：dog_type = "柯基"
- 攻击力：arg
- 技能
- 咬：bite
- 抽象出类
- 狗类：
- 相同特征
- 生命
- 相同特征
- 咬
</span><span>"""</span>
<span>import</span><span> time
</span><span>#</span><span> 人类</span>
<span>class</span><span> People:
</span><span>def</span> <span>__init__</span><span>(self, name, life, arg):
self.name </span>=<span> name
self.life </span>=<span> life
self.arg </span>=<span> arg
</span><span>#</span><span> 人对象调用hit时，传入狗对象</span>
<span>def</span><span> hit(self, dog_obj):
</span><span>print</span>(f<span>"</span><span>[{self.name}]要开始打[{dog_obj.name}]了</span><span>"</span><span>)
</span><span>#</span><span> 减掉狗对象的生命值 值为人对象的攻击力</span>
dog_obj.life -=<span> self.arg
</span><span>print</span>(f<span>"</span><span>[{dog_obj.name}]的生命值减掉：[{self.arg}]，剩余血量为：[{dog_obj.life}]</span><span>"</span><span>)
</span><span>if</span> dog_obj.life <=<span> 0:
</span><span>print</span>(f<span>"</span><span>[{dog_obj.name}]已经没了</span><span>"</span><span>)
</span><span>return</span><span> True
</span><span>#</span><span> 狗类</span>
<span>class</span><span> Dogs:
</span><span>def</span> <span>__init__</span><span>(self, name, life, dog_type, arg):
self.name </span>=<span> name
self.life </span>=<span> life
self.dog_type </span>=<span> dog_type
self.arg </span>=<span> arg
</span><span>#</span><span> 狗对象调用bite时，传入人对象</span>
<span>def</span><span> bite(self, p_obj):
</span><span>print</span>(f<span>"</span><span>[{self.name}]要开始咬[{p_obj.name}]了</span><span>"</span><span>)
</span><span>#</span><span> 减掉人对象的生命值 值为狗对象的攻击力</span>
p_obj.life -=<span> self.arg
</span><span>print</span>(f<span>"</span><span>[{p_obj.name}]的生命值减掉：[{self.arg}]，剩余血量为：[{p_obj.life}]</span><span>"</span><span>)
</span><span>if</span> p_obj.life <=<span> 0:
</span><span>print</span>(f<span>"</span><span>[{p_obj.name}]已经没了</span><span>"</span><span>)
</span><span>return</span><span> True
p1 </span>= People(<span>"</span><span>张三</span><span>"</span>, 1000, 50<span>) <span># 人对象</span>
d1 </span>= Dogs(<span>"</span><span>二哈</span><span>"</span>, 150, <span>"</span><span>哈士奇</span><span>"</span>, 200<span>) <span># 狗对象
</span></span><span>while</span><span> True:
</span><span>#</span><span> 开始狗咬人，人打狗</span>
res1 =<span> d1.bite(p1)
</span><span>if</span><span> res1:
</span><span>break</span><span>
time.sleep(</span>1) <span>#</span><span> 休眠1秒</span>
<span>
res2 </span>=<span> p1.hit(d1)
</span><span>if</span><span> res2:
</span><span>break</span><span>
time.sleep(</span>1) <span>#</span><span> 休眠1秒</span></span>
执行结果：
<span style="font-family:"><span>[二哈]要开始咬[张三]了 [张三]的生命值减掉：[</span>200]，剩余血量为：[800<span>] [张三]要开始打[二哈]了 [二哈]的生命值减掉：[</span>50]，剩余血量为：[100<span>] [二哈]要开始咬[张三]了 [张三]的生命值减掉：[</span>200]，剩余血量为：[600<span>] [张三]要开始打[二哈]了 [二哈]的生命值减掉：[</span>50]，剩余血量为：[50<span>] [二哈]要开始咬[张三]了 [张三]的生命值减掉：[</span>200]，剩余血量为：[400<span>] [张三]要开始打[二哈]了 [二哈]的生命值减掉：[</span>50<span>]，剩余血量为：[0] [二哈]已经没了</span></span>
五、面向对象总结
面向对象：
核心是“对象”，对象指的是特征与技能的结合体
基于该编程思想编写程序，就好比在创造世界，一种上帝式的思维方式
优点：
可扩展性强
缺点：
编写复杂难度较面向过程高
1、类的实例化：调用类的过程称之为类的实例化，产生的对象也可以称之为类的一个实例
调用类产生对象发生的事情：
① 会产生一个空对象的名称空间
② 会自动触发__init__，并且会将对象当做第一个参数传入
③ 会将调用类括号内的参数一并传给__init__()
<span style="font-family:"><span><span># 定义一个类</span><br>class</span><span> People:
national </span>= <span>"</span><span>han</span><span>"</span>
<span>def</span> <span>__init__</span><span>(self, name, age, sex):
self.name </span>=<span> name
self.age </span>=<span> age
self.sex </span>=<span> sex
</span><span>#</span><span> 注意：看到self就应该知道是对象本身，在这里就是下面代码中的p_obj对象</span>
<span>def</span><span> learn(self):
</span><span>print</span>(<span>"</span><span>learning...</span><span>"</span><span>)
p_obj </span>= People(<span>"</span><span>张三</span><span>"</span>, 184, <span>"</span><span>female</span><span>"</span><span>)
</span><span>print</span>(p_obj.name, p_obj.age, p_obj.sex)</span>
执行结果：
<span style="font-family:">张三 184 female</span>
2、查看类与对象的名称空间：类.__dict__ 对象.__dict__
<span style="font-family:"><span><span># 使用上面People类执行下列代码</span><br><br>print</span>(People.<span>__dict__</span><span>) <span># 查看类的名称空间 </span></span><span>print</span>(p_obj.<span>__dict__</span>) <span># 查看对象的名称空间</span></span>
执行结果：
<span style="font-family:">{<span>"</span><span>__module__</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>__main__</span><span>"</span>, <span>"</span><span>national</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>han</span><span>"</span>, <span>"</span><span>__init__</span><span>"</span>: <function People.<span>__init__</span> at 0x000001B4D9BC96A8>, <span>"</span><span>learn</span><span>"</span>: <function People.learn at 0x000001B4D9BC9620>, <span>"</span><span>__dict__</span><span>"</span>: <attribute <span>"</span><span>__dict__</span><span>"</span> of <span>"</span><span>People</span><span>"</span> objects>, <span>"</span><span>__weakref__</span><span>"</span>: <attribute <span>"</span><span>__weakref__</span><span>"</span> of <span>"</span><span>People</span><span>"</span> objects>, <span>"</span><span>__doc__</span><span>"</span><span>: None}
{</span><span>"</span><span>name</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>张三</span><span>"</span>, <span>"</span><span>age</span><span>"</span>: 184, <span>"</span><span>sex</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>female</span><span>"</span>}</span>
3、类或对象的属性操作：增、删、查、改
<span style="font-family:"><span>#</span><span> 使用上面People类执行下列代码</span> <span>#</span><span> 类的属性操作</span> People.sal = 3000 <span>#</span><span> 增</span> People.number = 1 <span>#</span><span> 增</span> <span>del</span> People.number <span>#</span><span> 删</span> People.sal = 4500 <span>#</span><span> 改</span> <span>print</span>(People.sal) <span>#</span><span> 查</span> <span>#</span><span> 对象的属性操作</span> p_obj.county = <span>"</span><span>China</span><span>"</span> <span>#</span><span> 增</span> <span>del</span> p_obj.sex <span>#</span><span> 删</span> p_obj.name = <span>"</span><span>李四</span><span>"</span> <span>#</span><span> 改</span> <span>print</span>(p_obj.name) <span>#</span><span> 查</span></span>
执行结果：
<span style="font-family:">4500<span> 李四</span></span>
4、类中数据属性(类中的变量)：类中的属性是给对象使用的，对象引用类中的属性，指向的都是类中同一个内存地址
<span style="font-family:"><span>#</span><span> 使用上面People类执行下列代码</span> <span> p_obj1 </span>= People(<span>"</span><span>王五</span><span>"</span>, 84, <span>"</span><span>female</span><span>"</span><span>) p_obj2 </span>= People(<span>"</span><span>赵六</span><span>"</span>, 85, <span>"</span><span>male</span><span>"</span><span>) p_obj3 </span>= People(<span>"</span><span>孙七</span><span>"</span>, 86, <span>"</span><span>female</span><span>"</span><span>) </span><span>print</span><span>(p_obj1.national, id(p_obj1)) </span><span>print</span><span>(p_obj2.national, id(p_obj2)) </span><span>print</span>(p_obj3.national, id(p_obj3))</span>
执行结果：
<span style="font-family:">han 2612115777632<span> han </span>2612115777744<span> han </span>2612115777800</span>
5、类中的方法(类中的函数)：类中的方法是给对象使用的，由对象来调用就会将方法绑定给不同的对象，并且会将对象当做第一个对象传入
<span style="font-family:"><span>#</span><span> 使用上面People类执行下列代码</span> <span> p_obj1 </span>= People(<span>"</span><span>王五</span><span>"</span>, 84, <span>"</span><span>female</span><span>"</span><span>) p_obj2 </span>= People(<span>"</span><span>赵六</span><span>"</span>, 85, <span>"</span><span>male</span><span>"</span><span>) p_obj3 </span>= People(<span>"</span><span>孙七</span><span>"</span>, 86, <span>"</span><span>female</span><span>"</span><span>) </span><span>print</span><span>(People.learn) </span><span>print</span><span>(p_obj1.learn) </span><span>print</span><span>(p_obj2.learn) </span><span>print</span>(p_obj3.learn)</span>
执行结果：
<span style="font-family:"><function People.learn at 0x0000022590CA9620> <bound method People.learn of <<span>__main__</span>.People object at 0x0000022590CBA860>> <bound method People.learn of <<span>__main__</span>.People object at 0x0000022590CBA8D0>> <bound method People.learn of <<span>__main__</span>.People object at 0x0000022590CBA908>></span>
6、对象属性的查找顺序：先从对象自己的名称空间找 —> 类的名称空间查找
<span style="font-family:"><span>#</span><span> 使用上面People类执行下列代码</span> <span>print</span>(p_obj1.national) <span>#</span><span> 从类中查找</span> <span>print</span>(p_obj1.national2) <span>#</span><span> 类中也没有，报错</span></span>
7、对象绑定方法的特殊之处
① 会将对象当做第一个参数传入
② 若对象的绑定发放中还有其他参数，会一并传入。
8、一切皆对象：在python3中，类即类型
<span style="font-family:"><span>#</span><span> 使用上面People类执行下列代码</span> <span>print</span>(type(p_obj)) <span>#</span><span> <class "__main__.People"></span> str1 = <span>"</span><span>orange</span><span>"</span> <span>print</span>(type(str1)) <span>#</span><span> <class "str"></span> list1 = [1, 2, 3<span>] </span><span>print</span>(type(list1)) <span>#</span><span> <class "list"></span></span>
执行结果：
<span style="font-family:"><<span>class</span> <span>"</span><span>__main__.People</span><span>"</span>> <<span>class</span> <span>"</span><span>str</span><span>"</span>> <<span>class</span> <span>"</span><span>list</span><span>"</span>></span>
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