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以下文章来源于青灯编程,作者:清风
Python GUI编程:高清电影在线观看平台制作,全网电影免费看
https://www.bilibili.<a href="https://www.gaodaima.com/tag/com" title="查看更多关于com的文章" target="_blank">com</a>/video/BV1tz4y1o7Yc/
让你感受一下什么是一秒钟下载两千条数据。。
基本开发环境
- Python 3.6
- 皮查姆
相关模块的使用
<span><a href="https://www.gaodaima.com/tag/import" title="查看更多关于import的文章" target="_blank">import</a></span><span> csv </span><span>import</span><span> time </span><span>import</span><span> requests </span><span>import</span> concurrent.futures
目标网页分析
一共214页的数据,每页数据20条,总计是4280。
:开发者工具,点击第二页,在XHR里面会出现数据。。
这是链接的参数,其中的pn对应就是页码,选择的第二页所以pn:2
如果细心的话,可以发现返回的数据并非是一个json数据。
这样的数据提取肯定是转换成json数据才好提取。这有两个方法:
方法一:
把参数中的< cb:jQuery1124036392017581464287_1608882113715 >去掉,不打算进去,就可以直接以response.json()的形式输出。
<span>import</span><span> requests url </span>= <span>"</span><span>http://49.push2.eastmoney.com/api/qt/clist/get</span><span>"</span><span> params </span>=<span> { </span><span>#</span><span> "cb": "jQuery1124036392017581464287_1608882113715",</span> <span>"</span><span>pn</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>2</span><span>"</span><span>, </span><span>"</span><span>pz</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>20</span><span>"</span><span>, </span><span>"</span><span>po</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>1</span><span>"</span><span>, </span><span>"</span><span>np</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>1</span><span>"</span><span>, </span><span>"</span><span>ut</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>bd1d9ddb04089700cf9c27f6f7426281</span><span>"</span><span>, </span><span>"</span><span>fltt</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>2</span><span>"</span><span>, </span><span>"</span><span>invt</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>2</span><span>"</span><span>, </span><span>"</span><span>fid</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>f3</span><span>"</span><span>, </span><span>"</span><span>fs</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>m:0 t:6,m:0 t:13,m:0 t:80,m:1 t:2,m:1 t:23</span><span>"</span><span>, </span><span>"</span><span>fields</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>f1,f2,f3,f4,f5,f6,f7,f8,f9,f10,f12,f13,f14,f15,f16,f17,f18,f20,f21,f23,f24,f25,f22,f11,f62,f128,f136,f115,f152</span><span>"</span><span>, </span><span>"</span><span>_</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>1608882115527</span><span>"</span><span>, } headers </span>=<span> { </span><span>"</span><span>User-Agent</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.138 Safari/537.36</span><span>"</span><span> } response </span>= requests.get(url=url, params=params, headers=<span>headers) html_data </span>=<span> response.json() stock_data </span>= html_data[<span>"</span><span>data</span><span>"</span>][<span>"</span><span>diff</span><span>"</span>]
方法二:
1,正常参数,请求网页返回数据response.txt
2,用正则匹配 jQuery1124036392017581464287_1608882113715(。*?) 匹配中间的数据
3,通过导入json模块,串联转json数据json.loads
<span>import</span><span> pprint </span><span>import</span><span> re </span><span>import</span><span> requests </span><span>import</span><span> json url </span>= <span>"</span><span>http://49.push2.eastmoney.com/api/qt/clist/get</span><span>"</span><span> params </span>=<span> { </span><span>"</span><span>cb</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>jQuery1124036392017581464287_1608882113715</span><span>"</span><span>, </span><span>"</span><span>pn</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>2</span><span>"</span><span>, </span><span>"</span><span>pz</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>20</span><span>"</span><span>, </span><span>"</span><span>po</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>1</span><span>"</span><span>, </span><span>"</span><span>np</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>1</span><span>"</span><span>, </span><span>"</span><span>ut</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>bd1d9ddb04089700cf9c27f6f7426281</span><span>"</span><span>, </span><span>"</span><span>fltt</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>2</span><span>"</span><span>, </span><span>"</span><span>invt</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>2</span><span>"</span><span>, </span><span>"</span><span>fid</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>f3</span><span>"</span><span>, </span><span>"</span><span>fs</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>m:0 t:6,m:0 t:13,m:0 t:80,m:1 t:2,m:1 t:23</span><span>"</span><span>, </span><span>"</span><span>fields</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>f1,f2,f3,f4,f5,f6,f7,f8,f9,f10,f12,f13,f14,f15,f16,f17,f18,f20,f21,f23,f24,f25,f22,f11,f62,f128,f136,f115,f152</span><span>"</span><span>, </span><span>"</span><span>_</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>1608882115527</span><span>"</span><span>, } headers </span>=<span> { </span><span>"</span><span>User-Agent</span><span>"</span>: <span>"</span><span>Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.138 Safari/537.36</span><span>"</span><span> } response </span>= requests.get(url=url, params=params, headers=<span>headers) result </span>= re.findall(<span>"</span><span>jQuery1124036392017581464287_1608882113715((.*?));</span><span>"</span><span>, response.text)[0] html_data </span>=<span> json.loads(result) stock_data </span>= html_data[<span>"</span><span>data</span><span>"</span>][<span>"</span><span>diff</span><span>"</span><span>] pprint.pprint(stock_data)</span>
对于这个网站,以上两种方法都是可以的,但是一般建议使用第二种方式,因为第一种方式毕竟是投机取巧。
取值之后是一个列表的数据,通过用于循环遍历即可,获取每一支股票的相关数据了,通过键值对取值获取相对应的数据即可。
<span>for</span> i <span>in</span><span> stock_data: dit </span>=<span> { </span><span>"</span><span>代码</span><span>"</span>: i[<span>"</span><span>f12</span><span>"</span><span>], </span><span>"</span><span>名称</span><span>"</span>: i[<span>"</span><span>f14</span><span>"</span><span>], </span><span>"</span><span>最新价</span><span>"</span>: i[<span>"</span><span>f2</span><span>"</span><span>], </span><span>"</span><span>涨跌幅</span><span>"</span>: str(i[<span>"</span><span>f3</span><span>"</span>]) + <span>"</span><span>%</span><span>"</span><span>, </span><span>"</span><span>涨跌额</span><span>"</span>: i[<span>"</span><span>f4</span><span>"</span><span>], </span><span>"</span><span>成交量(手)</span><span>"</span>: i[<span>"</span><span>f5</span><span>"</span><span>], </span><span>"</span><span>成交额</span><span>"</span>: i[<span>"</span><span>f6</span><span>"</span><span>], </span><span>"</span><span>振幅</span><span>"</span>: str(i[<span>"</span><span>f7</span><span>"</span>]) + <span>"</span><span>%</span><span>"</span><span>, </span><span>"</span><span>最高</span><span>"</span>: i[<span>"</span><span>f15</span><span>"</span><span>], </span><span>"</span><span>最低</span><span>"</span>: i[<span>"</span><span>f16</span><span>"</span><span>], </span><span>"</span><span>今开</span><span>"</span>: i[<span>"</span><span>f17</span><span>"</span><span>], </span><span>"</span><span>昨收</span><span>"</span>: i[<span>"</span><span>f18</span><span>"</span><span>], </span><span>"</span><span>量比</span><span>"</span>: i[<span>"</span><span>f10</span><span>"</span><span>], </span><span>"</span><span>换手率</span><span>"</span>: str(i[<span>"</span><span>f8</span><span>"</span>]) + <span>"</span><span>%</span><span>"</span><span>, </span><span>"</span><span>市盈率(动态)</span><span>"</span>: i[<span>"</span><span>f9</span><span>"</span><span>], </span><span>"</span><span>市净率</span><span>"</span>: i[<span>"</span><span>f23</span><span>"</span><span>], }</span>
保存数据通过csv模块保存就可以了。
使用多线程爬取速度有多快?
给五个线程时的速度:
<span>if</span> <span>__name__</span> == <span>"</span><span>__main__</span><span>"</span><span>: start_time </span>=<span> time.time() executor </span>= concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5<span>) </span><span>for</span> page <span>in</span> range(1, 215<span>): url </span>= f<span>"</span><span>http://49.push2.eastmoney.com/api/qt/clist/get?pn={page}&pz=20&po=1&np=1&ut=bd1d9ddb04089700cf9c27f6f7426281&fltt=2&invt=2&fid=f3&fs=m:0+t:6,m:0+t:13,m:0+t:80,m:1+t:2,m:1+t:23&fields=f1,f2,f3,f4,f5,f6,f7,f8,f9,f10,f12,f13,f14,f15,f16,f17,f18,f20,f21,f23,f24,f25,f22,f11,f62,f128,f136,f115,f152&_=1608882114076</span><span>"</span><span> executor.submit(main, url) executor.shutdown()</span>
总耗时:3.685572624206543
总计数据:4279条数据
所以平均每秒钟爬取1161条数据。
当我给10个线程时的速度:
<span>if</span> <span>__name__</span> == <span>"</span><span>__main__</span><span>"</span><span>: start_time </span>=<span> time.time() executor </span>= concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=10<span>) </span><span>for</span> page <span>in</span> range(1, 215<span>): url </span>= f<span>"</span><span>http://49.push2.eastmoney.com/api/qt/clist/get?pn={page}&pz=20&po=1&np=1&ut=bd1d9ddb04089700cf9c27f6f7426281&fltt=2&invt=2&fid=f3&fs=m:0+t:6,m:0+t:13,m:0+t:80,m:1+t:2,m:1+t:23&fields=f1,f2,f3,f4,f5,f6,f7,f8,f9,f10,f12,f13,f14,f15,f16,f17,f18,f20,f21,f23,f24,f25,f22,f11,f62,f128,f136,f115,f152&_=1608882114076</span><span>"</span><span> executor.submit(main, url) executor.shutdown()</span>
总耗时:1.7553794384002686
总计数据:4279条数据
所以平均每秒钟爬取2437条数据。
当我给20个线程时的速度:
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给不了,电脑顶不住。