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以下文章来源于IT丛林 ，作者： IT丛林

说明：此程序适合入门基本练习。

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目标

了解面向对象开发过程中类内部功能的分析方法。

了解常用系统功能

系统需求

使用面向对象编程思想完成图书管理系统的开发。具体如下：

系统要求：图书信息存储到文件中

系统功能，添加，删除，修改，保存，查询，显示所有图书信息，退出系统等功能。

程序文件分析设计

角色分析：图书，管理系统

注意事项：

一个角色一个程序文件

项目的主入口，可以定义为main.py

主要功能

基于面向对象：实现图书:

<code>添加功能，</code>

删除功能，

修改功能，

查询功能，

显示所有，

保存到文件中，

加载数据等功能。

程序文件

程序入口：main.py

图书文件：book.py

管理系统文件：systemmgr.py

1.1.4 程序代码

图书文件代码

图书文件：book.py

需求：图书包括：书名，类型，sn号等。

添加__str__魔法方法，方便查看图书对象信息

代码：

<code><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class <span class="hljs-title">Book(<span class="hljs-title">object):
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def <span class="hljs-title">__init__<span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self,name,type,sn):
        <span class="hljs-keyword">self.name=name
        <span class="hljs-keyword">self.type=type
        <span class="hljs-keyword">self.sn=sn
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def <span class="hljs-title">__str__<span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self):


        <span class="hljs-keyword">return f<span class="hljs-string">"{self.name},{self.type},{self.sn}"</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></code>

管理文件程序代码

需求：

系统功能循环使用，根据用户输入的功能序号执行不同的功能

步骤：

加载数据

显示功能菜单

根据用户输入进行不同操作功能

定义系统功能函数：添加，删除，保存等

定义该管理系统的类：用于初始化，类中存储管理系统的代码。

定义一个一个list_page空图书列表，方便存储。

def __init__(self):
self.list_page=[]

添加一个静态方法用于显示功能菜单

<code><span class="hljs-meta">@staticmethod
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def <span class="hljs-title">show_menu<span class="hljs-params">():
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"请选择如下功能")
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"1，添加新书")
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"2，删除新书")
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"3，修改新书")
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"4，查询相关书")
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"5，显示所有书")
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"6，保存书信息")
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"7，加载书信息")
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"9，退出系统")</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></code>

程序入口函数，启动程序执行的函数 run()

<code>def run(<span class="hljs-keyword">self):
    <span class="hljs-keyword">while <span class="hljs-keyword">True:
        <span class="hljs-keyword">self.show_menu()
        int_num=int(input(<span class="hljs-string">"请输入功能序号"))
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if int_num==<span class="hljs-number">1:<span class="hljs-comment">#添加
            <span class="hljs-keyword">self.add_book()
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if int_num == <span class="hljs-number">2:<span class="hljs-comment">#删除
            <span class="hljs-keyword">self.del_book()
        elif int_num==<span class="hljs-number">3:<span class="hljs-comment">#修改
            <span class="hljs-keyword">self.update_book()
        elif int_num==<span class="hljs-number">4:<span class="hljs-comment">#查询
            <span class="hljs-keyword">self.search_book()
        elif int_num==<span class="hljs-number">5:<span class="hljs-comment">#显示
            <span class="hljs-keyword">self.show_book()
        elif int_num==<span class="hljs-number">6:<span class="hljs-comment">#保存
            <span class="hljs-keyword">self.save_book()
        elif int_num == <span class="hljs-number">7:<span class="hljs-comment">#加载
            <span class="hljs-keyword">self.load_book()
        elif int_num == <span class="hljs-number">9:
            <span class="hljs-keyword">print(<span class="hljs-string">"退出系统")
            <span class="hljs-keyword">break
    <span class="hljs-keyword">else:
        <span class="hljs-keyword">print(<span class="hljs-string">"输入错误！")</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></code>

程序入口文件程序代码

功能：导入系统管理模块，启动图书管理系统。

main.py

<code><span class="hljs-keyword">from xm19code.systemgr <span class="hljs-keyword">import Systemmgr
<span class="hljs-keyword">if __name__==<span class="hljs-string">"__main__":
    rr = Systemmgr()
    rr.run()</span></span></span></span></code>

程序代码清单：

具体代码如下图：

<code><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class <span class="hljs-title">Book(<span class="hljs-title">object):
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def <span class="hljs-title">__init__<span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self,name,type,sn):
        <span class="hljs-keyword">self.name=name
        <span class="hljs-keyword">self.type=type
        <span class="hljs-keyword">self.sn=sn
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def <span class="hljs-title">__str__<span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self):
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return f<span class="hljs-string">"{self.name},{self.type},{self.sn}"</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></code>

<code><span class="hljs-keyword">from xm19code.systemgr <span class="hljs-keyword">import Systemmgr


<span class="hljs-keyword">if __name__==<span class="hljs-string">"__main__":
    rr = Systemmgr()
    rr.run()</span></span></span></span></code>

<code><span class="hljs-comment">#from book  import *
<span class="hljs-keyword">from xm19code.book <span class="hljs-keyword">import *
<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class <span class="hljs-title">Systemmgr<span class="hljs-params">(object):
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def <span class="hljs-title">__init__<span class="hljs-params">(self):
        self.list_page=[]
    <span class="hljs-comment">#循环
<span class="hljs-meta">    @staticmethod
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def <span class="hljs-title">show_menu<span class="hljs-params">():
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"请选择如下功能")
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"1，添加新书")
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"2，删除新书")
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"3，修改新书")
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"4，查询相关书")
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"5，显示所有书")
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"6，保存书信息")
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"7，加载书信息")
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"9，退出系统")
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def <span class="hljs-title">run<span class="hljs-params">(self):


        <span class="hljs-keyword">while <span class="hljs-literal">True:
            self.show_menu()
            int_num=int(input(<span class="hljs-string">"请输入功能序号"))
            <span class="hljs-keyword">if int_num==<span class="hljs-number">1:<span class="hljs-comment">#添加
                self.add_book()
            <span class="hljs-keyword">if int_num == <span class="hljs-number">2:<span class="hljs-comment">#删除
                self.del_book()
            <span class="hljs-keyword">elif int_num==<span class="hljs-number">3:<span class="hljs-comment">#修改
                self.update_book()
            <span class="hljs-keyword">elif int_num==<span class="hljs-number">4:<span class="hljs-comment">#查询
                self.search_book()
            <span class="hljs-keyword">elif int_num==<span class="hljs-number">5:<span class="hljs-comment">#显示
                self.show_book()
            <span class="hljs-keyword">elif int_num==<span class="hljs-number">6:<span class="hljs-comment">#保存
                self.save_book()
            <span class="hljs-keyword">elif int_num == <span class="hljs-number">7:<span class="hljs-comment">#加载
                self.load_book()
            <span class="hljs-keyword">elif int_num == <span class="hljs-number">9:
                print(<span class="hljs-string">"退出系统")
                <span class="hljs-keyword">break
        <span class="hljs-keyword">else:
            print(<span class="hljs-string">"输入错误！")
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def <span class="hljs-title">add_book<span class="hljs-params">(self):
        <span class="hljs-comment">#根据用户输入的字段添加
        name=input(<span class="hljs-string">"请输入书的名称")
        type=input(<span class="hljs-string">"请输入书的分类")
        sn = input(<span class="hljs-string">"请输入书的sn")
        book=Book(name,type,sn)
        self.list_page.append(book)
        print(self.list_page)
        print(book)
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def <span class="hljs-title">update_book<span class="hljs-params">(self):
        names = input(<span class="hljs-string">"请输入要修改的图书：")
        <span class="hljs-keyword">for i <span class="hljs-keyword">in self.list_page:
            <span class="hljs-keyword">if i.name==names:
                i.name=input(<span class="hljs-string">"请输入要修改的图书名称：")
                i.type = input(<span class="hljs-string">"请输入要修改的图书类型：")
                i.sn = input(<span class="hljs-string">"请输入要修改的图书SN：")
                print(<span class="hljs-string">f"修改了图书信息成功：图书<span class="hljs-subst">{i.name} ，类型<span class="hljs-subst">{i.type}，sn为：<span class="hljs-subst">{i.sn}")
                <span class="hljs-keyword">break
        <span class="hljs-keyword">else:
            print(<span class="hljs-string">"没有该图书！")


    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def <span class="hljs-title">del_book<span class="hljs-params">(self):
        names=input(<span class="hljs-string">"请输入要删除的图书：")
        <span class="hljs-comment"># for 循环查询
        <span class="hljs-keyword">for i <span class="hljs-keyword">in self.list_page:
            <span class="hljs-keyword">if i.name == names:
                self.list_page.remove(i)
                print(<span class="hljs-string">"删除成功！")
                <span class="hljs-keyword">break
        <span class="hljs-keyword">else:
            print(<span class="hljs-string">"没有该图书")
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def <span class="hljs-title">show_book<span class="hljs-params">(self):
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"图书名称			类型			SN")
        <span class="hljs-keyword">for i <span class="hljs-keyword">in self.list_page:
            print(<span class="hljs-string">f"<span class="hljs-subst">{i.name}			<span class="hljs-subst">{i.type}			<span class="hljs-subst">{i.sn}")


    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def <span class="hljs-title">save_book<span class="hljs-params">(self):
        <span class="hljs-comment"># 打开文件
        f = open(<span class="hljs-string">"book.data", <span class="hljs-string">"w")
        <span class="hljs-comment"># 文件写人 把list【图书对象】转换为字典
        new_list = [i.__dict__ <span class="hljs-keyword">for i <span class="hljs-keyword">in self.list_page]
        print(new_list)
        f.write(str(new_list))
        <span class="hljs-comment"># 文件关闭
        f.close();




    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def <span class="hljs-title">search_book<span class="hljs-params">(self):
        names=input(<span class="hljs-string">"请输入要查询的图书名称：")
        <span class="hljs-comment">#for 循环查询
        <span class="hljs-keyword">for i <span class="hljs-keyword">in self.list_page:
            <span class="hljs-keyword">if i.name==names:
                print(<span class="hljs-string">f"查询到的图书信息：图书<span class="hljs-subst">{i.name} ，"
                      <span class="hljs-string">f"类型<span class="hljs-subst">{i.type}，sn为：<span class="hljs-subst">{i.sn}")
                <span class="hljs-keyword">break
        <span class="hljs-keyword">else:
            print(<span class="hljs-string">"没有该图书")




    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def <span class="hljs-title">load_book<span class="hljs-params">(self):
        <span class="hljs-keyword">try:
            f=open(<span class="hljs-string">"book.data",<span class="hljs-string">"r")
        <span class="hljs-keyword">except:
            f=open(<span class="hljs-string">"book.data",<span class="hljs-string">"w")
        <span class="hljs-keyword">else:
            data=f.read()
            <span class="hljs-comment">#文件读取的数据都是字符串且字符串内部为字典数据
            <span class="hljs-comment"># 故需要转换数据类型在转换字典为对象存储到图书列表中
            new_list=eval(data)
            self.list_page=[Book(i[<span class="hljs-string">"name"],i[<span class="hljs-string">"type"],i[<span class="hljs-string">"sn"]) <span class="hljs-keyword">for i <span class="hljs-keyword">in new_list]
            print(<span class="hljs-string">"图书		类型		SN")
            <span class="hljs-keyword">for i <span class="hljs-keyword">in self.list_page:
                print(<span class="hljs-string">f"<span class="hljs-subst">{i.name}		<span class="hljs-subst">{i.type}		<span class="hljs-subst">{i.sn}")
        <span class="hljs-keyword">finally:
            <span class="hljs-comment">#关闭文件
            f.close()







</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></code>

程序代码运行结果：

<code><span class="hljs-string">C:PythonPython38<a href="https://www.gaodaima.com/tag/python" title="查看更多关于python的文章" target="_blank">python</a>.exe <span class="hljs-string">D:/pythonProject/xm19code/main.py
<span class="hljs-string">请选择如下功能
<span class="hljs-number">1<span class="hljs-string">，添加新书
<span class="hljs-number">2<span class="hljs-string">，删除新书
<span class="hljs-number">3<span class="hljs-string">，修改新书
<span class="hljs-number">4<span class="hljs-string">，查询相关书
<span class="hljs-number">5<span class="hljs-string">，显示所有书
<span class="hljs-number">6<span class="hljs-string">，保存书信息
<span class="hljs-number">7<span class="hljs-string">，加载书信息
<span class="hljs-number">9<span class="hljs-string">，退出系统
<span class="hljs-string">请输入功能序号7
<span class="hljs-string">图书    <span class="hljs-string">类型    <span class="hljs-string">SN
<span class="hljs-string">py    <span class="hljs-string">py    <span class="hljs-number">1234
<span class="hljs-string">请选择如下功能
<span class="hljs-number">1<span class="hljs-string">，添加新书
<span class="hljs-number">2<span class="hljs-string">，删除新书
<span class="hljs-number">3<span class="hljs-string">，修改新书
<span class="hljs-number">4<span class="hljs-string">，查询相关书
<span class="hljs-number">5<span class="hljs-string">，显示所有书
<span class="hljs-number">6<span class="hljs-string">，保存书信息
<span class="hljs-number">7<span class="hljs-string">，加载书信息
<span class="hljs-number">9<span class="hljs-string">，退出系统
<span class="hljs-string">请输入功能序号2
<span class="hljs-string">请输入要删除的图书：22
<span class="hljs-string">没有该图书
<span class="hljs-string">请选择如下功能
<span class="hljs-number">1<span class="hljs-string">，添加新书
<span class="hljs-number">2<span class="hljs-string">，删除新书
<span class="hljs-number">3<span class="hljs-string">，修改新书
<span class="hljs-number">4<span class="hljs-string">，查询相关书
<span class="hljs-number">5<span class="hljs-string">，显示所有书
<span class="hljs-number">6<span class="hljs-string">，保存书信息
<span class="hljs-number">7<span class="hljs-string">，加载书信息
<span class="hljs-number">9<span class="hljs-string">，退出系统
<span class="hljs-string">请输入功能序号3
<span class="hljs-string">请输入要修改的图书：22
<span class="hljs-string">没有该图书！
<span class="hljs-string">请选择如下功能
<span class="hljs-number">1<span class="hljs-string">，添加新书
<span class="hljs-number">2<span class="hljs-string">，删除新书
<span class="hljs-number">3<span class="hljs-string">，修改新书
<span class="hljs-number">4<span class="hljs-string">，查询相关书
<span class="hljs-number">5<span class="hljs-string">，显示所有书
<span class="hljs-number">6<span class="hljs-string">，保存书信息
<span class="hljs-number">7<span class="hljs-string">，加载书信息
<span class="hljs-number">9<span class="hljs-string">，退出系统
<span class="hljs-string">请输入功能序号1
<span class="hljs-string">请输入书的名称1
<span class="hljs-string">请输入书的分类1
<span class="hljs-string">请输入书的sn1
<span class="hljs-string">[<xm19code.book.Book <span class="hljs-string">object <span class="hljs-string">at <span class="hljs-number">0x000000000277F7C0<span class="hljs-string">>, <span class="hljs-string"><xm19code.book.Book <span class="hljs-string">object <span class="hljs-string">at <span class="hljs-number">0x00000000025159D0<span class="hljs-string">>]
<span class="hljs-number">1<span class="hljs-string">,1,1
<span class="hljs-string">请选择如下功能
<span class="hljs-number">1<span class="hljs-string">，添加新书
<span class="hljs-number">2<span class="hljs-string">，删除新书
<span class="hljs-number">3<span class="hljs-string">，修改新书
<span class="hljs-number">4<span class="hljs-string">，查询相关书
<span class="hljs-number">5<span class="hljs-string">，显示所有书
<span class="hljs-number">6<span class="hljs-string">，保存书信息
<span class="hljs-number">7<span class="hljs-string">，加载书信息
<span class="hljs-number">9<span class="hljs-string">，退出系统
<span class="hljs-string">请输入功能序号6
<span class="hljs-string">[{"name": <span class="hljs-string">"py"<span class="hljs-string">, <span class="hljs-attr">"type": <span class="hljs-string">"py"<span class="hljs-string">, <span class="hljs-attr">"sn": <span class="hljs-string">"1234"<span class="hljs-string">}, <span class="hljs-string">{"name": <span class="hljs-string">"1"<span class="hljs-string">, <span class="hljs-attr">"type": <span class="hljs-string">"1"<span class="hljs-string">, <span class="hljs-attr">"sn": <span class="hljs-string">"1"<span class="hljs-string">}]
<span class="hljs-string">请选择如下功能
<span class="hljs-number">1<span class="hljs-string">，添加新书
<span class="hljs-number">2<span class="hljs-string">，删除新书
<span class="hljs-number">3<span class="hljs-string">，修改新书
<span class="hljs-number">4<span class="hljs-string">，查询相关书
<span class="hljs-number">5<span class="hljs-string">，显示所有书
<span class="hljs-number">6<span class="hljs-string">，保存书信息
<span class="hljs-number">7<span class="hljs-string">，加载书信息
<span class="hljs-number">9<span class="hljs-string">，退出系统
<span class="hljs-string">请输入功能序号1
<span class="hljs-string">请输入书的名称2
<span class="hljs-string">请输入书的分类2
<span class="hljs-string">请输入书的sn2
<span class="hljs-string">[<xm19code.book.Book <span class="hljs-string">object <span class="hljs-string">at <span class="hljs-number">0x000000000277F7C0<span class="hljs-string">>, <span class="hljs-string"><xm19code.book.Book <span class="hljs-string">object <span class="hljs-string">at <span class="hljs-number">0x00000000025159D0<span class="hljs-string">>, <span class="hljs-string"><xm19code.book.Book <span class="hljs-string">object <span class="hljs-string">at <span class="hljs-number">0x000000000277F7F0<span class="hljs-string">>]
<span class="hljs-number">2<span class="hljs-string">,2,2
<span class="hljs-string">请选择如下功能
<span class="hljs-number">1<span class="hljs-string">，添加新书
<span class="hljs-number">2<span class="hljs-string">，删除新书
<span class="hljs-number">3<span class="hljs-string">，修改新书
<span class="hljs-number">4<span class="hljs-string">，查询相关书
<span class="hljs-number">5<span class="hljs-string">，显示所有书
<span class="hljs-number">6<span class="hljs-string">，保存书信息
<span class="hljs-number">7<span class="hljs-string">，加载书信息
<span class="hljs-number">9<span class="hljs-string">，退出系统
<span class="hljs-string">请输入功能序号4
<span class="hljs-string">请输入要查询的图书名称：1
<span class="hljs-string">查询到的图书信息：图书1 <span class="hljs-string">，类型1，sn为：1
<span class="hljs-string">请选择如下功能
<span class="hljs-number">1<span class="hljs-string">，添加新书
<span class="hljs-number">2<span class="hljs-string">，删除新书
<span class="hljs-number">3<span class="hljs-string">，修改新书
<span class="hljs-number">4<span class="hljs-string">，查询相关书
<span class="hljs-number">5<span class="hljs-string">，显示所有书
<span class="hljs-number">6<span class="hljs-string">，保存书信息
<span class="hljs-number">7<span class="hljs-string">，加载书信息
<span class="hljs-number">9<span class="hljs-string">，退出系统
<span class="hljs-string">请输入功能序号4
<span class="hljs-string">请输入要查询的图书名称：1
<span class="hljs-string">查询到的图书信息：图书1 <span class="hljs-string">，类型1，sn为：1
<span class="hljs-string">请选择如下功能
<span class="hljs-number">1<span class="hljs-string">，添加新书
<span class="hljs-number">2<span class="hljs-string">，删除新书
<span class="hljs-number">3<span class="hljs-string">，修改新书
<span class="hljs-number">4<span class="hljs-string">，查询相关书
<span class="hljs-number">5<span class="hljs-string">，显示所有书
<span class="hljs-number">6<span class="hljs-string">，保存书信息
<span class="hljs-number">7<span class="hljs-string">，加载书信息
<span class="hljs-number">9<span class="hljs-string">，退出系统
<span class="hljs-string">请输入功能序号6
<span class="hljs-string">[{"name": <span class="hljs-string">"py"<span class="hljs-string">, <span class="hljs-attr">"type": <span class="hljs-string">"py"<span class="hljs-string">, <span class="hljs-attr">"sn": <span class="hljs-string">"1234"<span class="hljs-string">}, <span class="hljs-string">{"name": <span class="hljs-string">"1"</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></code>

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