中文注释版-Laravel-容器类Container

中文正文版 Laravel 容器类（Container）

将 Laravel 的 illuminate/container 移除掉 illuminate/contracts 依赖，便于灵便的在非 Laravel 框架中应用，顺便机翻了一下 illuminate/container 的正文，便于了解 Laravel 的容器。

相干链接

• https://github.com/guanguans/di
• https://github.com/illuminate/container

代码

<code class="php"><?php

/*
 * This file is part of the guanguans/di.
 *
 * (c) guanguans <[email protected]>
 *
 * This source file is subject to the MIT license that is bundled.
 */

namespace Guanguans\Di;

use ArrayAccess;
use Closure;
use LogicException;
use Psr\Container\ContainerInterface;
use ReflectionClass;
use ReflectionParameter;

/**
 * This file is modified from `illuminate/container`.
 *
 * @see https://github.com/illuminate/container
 */
class Container implements ArrayAccess, ContainerInterface
{
    /**
     * The current globally available container (if any).
     * 以后的全局可用容器（如果有）。
     *
     * @var static
     */
    protected static $instance;

    /**
     * An array of the types that have been resolved.
     * 已解析类型的数组。
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $resolved = [];

    /**
     * The container's bindings.
     * 容器的绑定。
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $bindings = [];

    /**
     * The container's method bindings.
     * 容器的办法绑定。
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $methodBindings = [];

    /**
     * The container's shared instances.
     * 容器的共享实例。
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $instances = [];

    /**
     * The registered type aliases.
     * 注册的类型别名。
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $aliases = [];

    /**
     * The registered aliases keyed by the abstract name.
     * 以形象名称为关键字的注册别名。
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $abstractAliases = [];

    /**
     * The extension closures for services.
     * 服务的扩展名闭包。
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $extenders = [];

    /**
     * All of the registered tags.
     * 所有注册的标签。
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $tags = [];

    /**
     * The stack of concretions currently being built.
     * 目前正在构建的堆栈。
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $buildStack = [];

    /**
     * The parameter override stack.
     * 参数笼罩堆栈。
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $with = [];

    /**
     * The contextual binding map.
     * 上下文绑定图。
     *
     * @var array
     */
    public $contextual = [];

    /**
     * All of the registered rebound callbacks.
     * 所有已注册的反弹回调。
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $reboundCallbacks = [];

    /**
     * All of the global resolving callbacks.
     * 所有全局解析回调。
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $globalResolvingCallbacks = [];

    /**
     * All of the global after resolving callbacks.
     * 解决回调后的所有全局变量。
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $globalAfterResolvingCallbacks = [];

    /**
     * All of the resolving callbacks by class type.
     * 按类类型的所有解析回调。
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $resolvingCallbacks = [];

    /**
     * All of the after resolving callbacks by class type.
     * 所有按类类型解析后的回调。
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $afterResolvingCallbacks = [];

    /**
     * Define a contextual binding.
     * 定义上下文绑定。
     *
     * @param  string  $concrete
     * @return \Guanguans\Di\ContextualBindingBuilder
     */
    public function when($concrete)
    {
        return new ContextualBindingBuilder($this, $this->getAlias($concrete));
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the given abstract type has been bound.
     * 确定给定的形象类型是否已绑定。
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @return bool
     */
    public function bound($abstract)
    {
        return isset($this->bindings[$abstract]) ||
               isset($this->instances[$abstract]) ||
               $this->isAlias($abstract);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the given abstract type has been resolved.
     * 确定给定的形象类型是否已解析。
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @return bool
     */
    public function resolved($abstract)
    {
        if ($this->isAlias($abstract)) {
            $abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract);
        }

        return isset($this->resolved[$abstract]) ||
               isset($this->instances[$abstract]);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if a given type is shared.
     * 确定给定类型是否共享。
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isShared($abstract)
    {
        return isset($this->instances[$abstract]) ||
              (isset($this->bindings[$abstract]['shared']) &&
               $this->bindings[$abstract]['shared'] === true);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if a given string is an alias.
     * 确定给定的字符串是否为别名
     *
     * @param  string  $name
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isAlias($name)
    {
        return isset($this->aliases[$name]);
    }

    /**
     * Register a binding with the container.
     * 在容器中注册绑定
     *
     * @param  string|array  $abstract
     * @param  \Closure|string|null  $concrete
     * @param  bool  $shared
     * @return void
     */
    public function bind($abstract, $concrete = null, $shared = false)
    {
        // If no concrete type was given, we will simply set the concrete type to the
        // abstract type. After that, the concrete type to be registered as shared
        // without being forced to state their classes in both of the parameters.
        // 如果没有给出具体类型，咱们将简略地将具体类型设置为形象类型。
        // 之后，要注册为共享的具体类型，而不用强制在两个参数中申明其类。
        $this->dropStaleInstances($abstract);

        if (is_null($concrete)) {
            $concrete = $abstract;
        }

        // If the factory is not a Closure, it means it is just a class name which is
        // bound into this container to the abstract type and we will just wrap it
        // up inside its own Closure to give us more convenience when extending.
        // 如果工厂不是 Closure，则意味着它只是一个类名称，
        // 该类名称绑定到此容器中，与形象类型绑定，
        // 咱们将其包装在本人的 Closure 中，以便在扩大时为咱们提供更多便当。
        if (! $concrete instanceof Closure) {
            $concrete = $this->getClosure($abstract, $concrete);
        }

        $this->bindings[$abstract] = compact('concrete', 'shared');

        // If the abstract type was already resolved in this container we'll fire the
        // rebound listener so that any objects which have already gotten resolved
        // can have their copy of the object updated via the listener callbacks.
        // 如果形象类型已在此容器中解析，咱们将触发回弹侦听器，
        // 以便所有已解析的对象都能够通过侦听器回调更新其对象正本。
        if ($this->resolved($abstract)) {
            $this->rebound($abstract);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the Closure to be used when building a type.
     * 获取要在构建类型时应用的闭包。
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @param  string  $concrete
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function getClosure($abstract, $concrete)
    {
        return function ($container, $parameters = []) use ($abstract, $concrete) {
            if ($abstract == $concrete) {
                return $container->build($concrete);
            }

            return $container->makeWith($concrete, $parameters);
        };
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the container has a method binding.
     * 确定容器是否具备办法绑定。
     *
     * @param  string  $method
     * @return bool
     */
    public function hasMethodBinding($method)
    {
        return isset($this->methodBindings[$method]);
    }

    /**
     * Bind a callback to resolve with Container::call.
     * 绑定回调以应用 Container::call 进行解析。
     *
     * @param  string  $method
     * @param  \Closure  $callback
     * @return void
     */
    public function bindMethod($method, $callback)
    {
        $this->methodBindings[$method] = $callback;
    }

    /**
     * Get the method binding for the given method.
     * 获取给定办法的办法绑定。
     *
     * @param  string  $method
     * @param  mixed  $instance
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function callMethodBinding($method, $instance)
    {
        return call_user_func($this->methodBindings[$method], $instance, $this);
    }

    /**
     * Add a contextual binding to the container.
     * 将上下文绑定增加到容器。
     *
     * @param  string  $concrete
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @param  \Closure|string  $implementation
     * @return void
     */
    public function addContextualBinding($concrete, $abstract, $implementation)
    {
        $this->contextual[$concrete][$this->getAlias($abstract)] = $implementation;
    }

    /**
     * Register a binding if it hasn't already been registered.
     * 注册绑定（如果尚未注册）。
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @param  \Closure|string|null  $concrete
     * @param  bool  $shared
     * @return void
     */
    public function bindIf($abstract, $concrete = null, $shared = false)
    {
        if (! $this->bound($abstract)) {
            $this->bind($abstract, $concrete, $shared);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Register a shared binding in the container.
     * 在容器中注册共享绑定。
     *
     * @param  string|array  $abstract
     * @param  \Closure|string|null  $concrete
     * @return void
     */
    public function singleton($abstract, $concrete = null)
    {
        $this->bind($abstract, $concrete, true);
    }

    /**
     * "Extend" an abstract type in the container.
     * “扩大”容器中的形象类型。
     *
     * @param  string    $abstract
     * @param  \Closure  $closure
     * @return void
     *
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException
     */
    public function extend($abstract, Closure $closure)
    {
        $abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract);

        if (isset($this->instances[$abstract])) {
            $this->instances[$abstract] = $closure($this->instances[$abstract], $this);

            $this->rebound($abstract);
        } else {
            $this->extenders[$abstract][] = $closure;

            if ($this->resolved($abstract)) {
                $this->rebound($abstract);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Register an existing instance as shared in the container.
     * 将现有实例注册为在容器中共享的实例。
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @param  mixed   $instance
     * @return void
     */
    public function instance($abstract, $instance)
    {
        $this->removeAbstractAlias($abstract);

        $isBound = $this->bound($abstract);

        unset($this->aliases[$abstract]);

        // We'll check to determine if this type has been bound before, and if it has
        // we will fire the rebound callbacks registered with the container and it
        // can be updated with consuming classes that have gotten resolved here.
        // 咱们将查看以确定此类型是否以前已绑定，
        // 如果曾经绑定，将触发在容器中注册的反弹回调，
        // 并且能够应用在这里已解决的耗费类进行更新。
        $this->instances[$abstract] = $instance;

        if ($isBound) {
            $this->rebound($abstract);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Remove an alias from the contextual binding alias cache.
     * 从上下文绑定别名缓存中删除别名。
     *
     * @param  string  $searched
     * @return void
     */
    protected function removeAbstractAlias($searched)
    {
        if (! isset($this->aliases[$searched])) {
            return;
        }

        foreach ($this->abstractAliases as $abstract => $aliases) {
            foreach ($aliases as $index => $alias) {
                if ($alias == $searched) {
                    unset($this->abstractAliases[$abstract][$index]);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Assign a set of tags to a given binding.
     * 将一组标签调配给给定的绑定。
     *
     * @param  array|string  $abstracts
     * @param  array|mixed   ...$tags
     * @return void
     */
    public function tag($abstracts, $tags)
    {
        $tags = is_array($tags) ? $tags : array_slice(func_get_args(), 1);

        foreach ($tags as $tag) {
            if (! isset($this->tags[$tag])) {
                $this->tags[$tag] = [];
            }

            foreach ((array) $abstracts as $abstract) {
                $this->tags[$tag][] = $abstract;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Resolve all of the bindings for a given tag.
     * 解决给定标签的所有绑定。
     *
     * @param  string  $tag
     * @return array
     */
    public function tagged($tag)
    {
        $results = [];

        if (isset($this->tags[$tag])) {
            foreach ($this->tags[$tag] as $abstract) {
                $results[] = $this->make($abstract);
            }
        }

        return $results;
    }

    /**
     * Alias a type to a different name.
     * 将别名别名为另一个名称。
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @param  string  $alias
     * @return void
     */
    public function alias($abstract, $alias)
    {
        $this->aliases[$alias] = $abstract;

        $this->abstractAliases[$abstract][] = $alias;
    }

    /**
     * Bind a new callback to an abstract's rebind event.
     * 绑定一个新的回调到形象的从新绑定事件。
     *
     * @param  string    $abstract
     * @param  \Closure  $callback
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function rebinding($abstract, Closure $callback)
    {
        $this->reboundCallbacks[$abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract)][] = $callback;

        if ($this->bound($abstract)) {
            return $this->make($abstract);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Refresh an instance on the given target and method.
     * 在给定的指标和办法上刷新实例。
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @param  mixed   $target
     * @param  string  $method
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function refresh($abstract, $target, $method)
    {
        return $this->rebinding($abstract, function ($app, $instance) use ($target, $method) {
            $target->{$method}($instance);
        });
    }

    /**
     * Fire the "rebound" callbacks for the given abstract type.
     * 为给定的形象类型触发“反弹”回调。
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @return void
     */
    protected function rebound($abstract)
    {
        $instance = $this->make($abstract);

        foreach ($this->getReboundCallbacks($abstract) as $callback) {
            call_user_func($callback, $this, $instance);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the rebound callbacks for a given type.
     * 获取给定类型的反弹回调
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getReboundCallbacks($abstract)
    {
        if (isset($this->reboundCallbacks[$abstract])) {
            return $this->reboundCallbacks[$abstract];
        }

        return [];
    }

    /**
     * Wrap the given closure such that its dependencies will be injected when executed.
     * 包装给定的闭包，以便在执行时注入其依赖项。
     *
     * @param  \Closure  $callback
     * @param  array  $parameters
     * @return \Closure
     */
    public function wrap(Closure $callback, array $parameters = [])
    {
        return function () use ($callback, $parameters) {
            return $this->call($callback, $parameters);
        };
    }

    /**
     * Call the given Closure / class@method and inject its dependencies.
     * 调用给定的 Closure / class@method 并注入其依赖项。
     *
     * @param  callable|string  $callback
     * @param  array  $parameters
     * @param  string|null  $defaultMethod
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function call($callback, array $parameters = [], $defaultMethod = null)
    {
        return BoundMethod::call($this, $callback, $parameters, $defaultMethod);
    }

    /**
     * Get a closure to resolve the given type from the container.
     * 获取一个容器来解析给定类型的闭包。
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @return \Closure
     */
    public function factory($abstract)
    {
        return function () use ($abstract) {
            return $this->make($abstract);
        };
    }

    /**
     * Resolve the given type with the given parameter overrides.
     * 应用给定的参数笼罩解析给定的类型。
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @param  array  $parameters
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function makeWith($abstract, array $parameters)
    {
        return $this->resolve($abstract, $parameters);
    }

    /**
     * Resolve the given type from the container.
     * 从容器解析给定类型。
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function make($abstract)
    {
        return $this->resolve($abstract);
    }

    /**
     * Resolve the given type from the container.
     * 从容器解析给定类型。
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @param  array  $parameters
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function resolve($abstract, $parameters = [])
    {
        $abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract);

        $needsContextualBuild = ! empty($parameters) || ! is_null(
            $this->getContextualConcrete($abstract)
        );

        // If an instance of the type is currently being managed as a singleton we'll
        // just return an existing instance instead of instantiating new instances
        // so the developer can keep using the same objects instance every time.
        // 如果以后正在以单例形式治理该类型的实例，
        // 咱们将只返回一个现有实例，而不是实例化新实例，
        // 以便开发人员每次都能够持续应用雷同的对象实例。
        if (isset($this->instances[$abstract]) && ! $needsContextualBuild) {
            return $this->instances[$abstract];
        }

        $this->with[] = $parameters;

        $concrete = $this->getConcrete($abstract);

        // We're ready to instantiate an instance of the concrete type registered for
        // the binding. This will instantiate the types, as well as resolve any of
        // its "nested" dependencies recursively until all have gotten resolved.
        // 咱们曾经筹备好实例化为绑定注册的具体类型的实例。
        // 这将实例化类型，并以递归形式解析其“嵌套”依赖项中的任何一个，直到全副解析结束。
        if ($this->isBuildable($concrete, $abstract)) {
            $object = $this->build($concrete);
        } else {
            $object = $this->make($concrete);
        }

        // If we defined any extenders for this type, we'll need to spin through them
        // and apply them to the object being built. This allows for the extension
        // of services, such as changing configuration or decorating the object.
        // 如果咱们为此类型定义了任何扩大程序，则须要遍历它们并将其利用于正在构建的对象。
        // 这容许扩大服务，例如更改配置或装璜对象。
        foreach ($this->getExtenders($abstract) as $extender) {
            $object = $extender($object, $this);
        }

        // If the requested type is registered as a singleton we'll want to cache off
        // the instances in "memory" so we can return it later without creating an
        // entirely new instance of an object on each subsequent request for it.
        // 如果将申请的类型注册为单例，咱们将将实例缓存在“内存”中，
        // 这样​​咱们当前就能够返回它，而无需在随后的每次申请上都创建对象的全新实例。
        if ($this->isShared($abstract) && ! $needsContextualBuild) {
            $this->instances[$abstract] = $object;
        }

        $this->fireResolvingCallbacks($abstract, $object);

        // Before returning, we will also set the resolved flag to "true" and pop off
        // the parameter overrides for this build. After those two things are done
        // we will be ready to return back the fully constructed class instance.
        // 在返回之前，咱们还将解析标记设置为 “true”，并弹出此版本的参数代替。
        // 实现这两件事之后，咱们将筹备好返回残缺结构的类实例。
        $this->resolved[$abstract] = true;

        array_pop($this->with);

        return $object;
    }

    /**
     * Get the concrete type for a given abstract.
     * 获取给定摘要的具体类型。
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @return mixed   $concrete
     */
    protected function getConcrete($abstract)
    {
        if (! is_null($concrete = $this->getContextualConcrete($abstract))) {
            return $concrete;
        }

        // If we don't have a registered resolver or concrete for the type, we'll just
        // assume each type is a concrete name and will attempt to resolve it as is
        // since the container should be able to resolve concretes automatically.
        // 如果咱们没有该类型的注册解析器或具体对象，咱们将假如每种类型都是具体名称，
        // 并尝试按原样解析它，因为容器应该可能主动解析具体对象。
        if (isset($this->bindings[$abstract])) {
            return $this->bindings[$abstract]['concrete'];
        }

        return $abstract;
    }

    /**
     * Get the contextual concrete binding for the given abstract.
     * 获取给定摘要的上下文具体绑定。
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @return string|null
     */
    protected function getContextualConcrete($abstract)
    {
        if (! is_null($binding = $this->findInContextualBindings($abstract))) {
            return $binding;
        }

        // Next we need to see if a contextual binding might be bound under an alias of the
        // given abstract type. So, we will need to check if any aliases exist with this
        // type and then spin through them and check for contextual bindings on these.
        // 接下来，咱们须要查看是否能够在给定形象类型的别名下绑定上下文绑定。
        // 因而，咱们将须要查看此类型是否存在别名，而后旋转它们并查看这些别名的上下文绑定。
        if (empty($this->abstractAliases[$abstract])) {
            return;
        }

        foreach ($this->abstractAliases[$abstract] as $alias) {
            if (! is_null($binding = $this->findInContextualBindings($alias))) {
                return $binding;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Find the concrete binding for the given abstract in the contextual binding array.
     * 在上下文绑定数组中找到给定摘要的具体绑定
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @return string|null
     */
    protected function findInContextualBindings($abstract)
    {
        if (isset($this->contextual[end($this->buildStack)][$abstract])) {
            return $this->contextual[end($this->buildStack)][$abstract];
        }
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the given concrete is buildable.
     * 确定给定的具体是否可构建。
     *
     * @param  mixed   $concrete
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function isBuildable($concrete, $abstract)
    {
        return $concrete === $abstract || $concrete instanceof Closure;
    }

    /**
     * Instantiate a concrete instance of the given type.
     * 实例化给定类型的具体实例。
     *
     * @param  string  $concrete
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Guanguans\Di\BindingResolutionException
     */
    public function build($concrete)
    {
        // If the concrete type is actually a Closure, we will just execute it and
        // hand back the results of the functions, which allows functions to be
        // used as resolvers for more fine-tuned resolution of these objects.
        // 如果具体类型实际上是 Closure，咱们将间接执行它并返回函数的后果，
        // 这容许将函数用作解析器，以便对这些对象进行更精密的解析。
        if ($concrete instanceof Closure) {
            return $concrete($this, $this->getLastParameterOverride());
        }

        $reflector = new ReflectionClass($concrete);

        // If the type is not instantiable, the developer is attempting to resolve
        // an abstract type such as an Interface of Abstract Class and there is
        // no binding registered for the abstractions so we need to bail out.
        // 如果类型不是可实例化的，则开发人员正尝试解析形象类型，
        // 例如 Abstract Class 的接口，并且没有为形象注册任何绑定，因而咱们须要纾困。
        if (! $reflector->isInstantiable()) {
            return $this->notInstantiable($concrete);
        }

        $this->buildStack[] = $concrete;

        $constructor = $reflector->getConstructor();

        // If there are no constructors, that means there are no dependencies then
        // we can just resolve the instances of the objects right away, without
        // resolving any other types or dependencies out of these containers.
        // 如果没有构造函数，则意味着没有依赖项，咱们能够立刻解析对象的实例，
        // 而无需从这些容器中解析任何其余类型或依赖项。
        if (is_null($constructor)) {
            array_pop($this->buildStack);

            return new $concrete;
        }

        $dependencies = $constructor->getParameters();

        // Once we have all the constructor's parameters we can create each of the
        // dependency instances and then use the reflection instances to make a
        // new instance of this class, injecting the created dependencies in.
        // 一旦有了所有构造函数的参数，就能够创立每个依赖实例，
        // 而后应用反射实例创立此类的新实例，将创立的依赖注入其中。
        $instances = $this->resolveDependencies(
            $dependencies
        );

        array_pop($this->buildStack);

        return $reflector->newInstanceArgs($instances);
    }

    /**
     * Resolve all of the dependencies from the ReflectionParameters.
     * 从 ReflectionParameters 解析所有依赖项。
     *
     * @param  array  $dependencies
     * @return array
     */
    protected function resolveDependencies(array $dependencies)
    {
        $results = [];

        foreach ($dependencies as $dependency) {
            // If this dependency has a override for this particular build we will use
            // that instead as the value. Otherwise, we will continue with this run
            // of resolutions and let reflection attempt to determine the result.
            // 如果此依赖项对此特定构建具备代替，咱们将应用作为值。
            // 否则，咱们将继续执行的分辨率，并让反射尝试确定后果。
            if ($this->hasParameterOverride($dependency)) {
                $results[] = $this->getParameterOverride($dependency);

                continue;
            }

            // If the class is null, it means the dependency is a string or some other
            // primitive type which we can not resolve since it is not a class and
            // we will just bomb out with an error since we have no-where to go.
            // 如果该类为 null，则示意依赖项是字符串或其余类型的原始类型，
            // 因为它不是类，因而咱们无奈解析，并且因为没有地位，咱们将抛出谬误去。
            $results[] = is_null($class = $dependency->getClass())
                            ? $this->resolvePrimitive($dependency)
                            : $this->resolveClass($dependency);
        }

        return $results;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the given dependency has a parameter override from makeWith.
     * 确定给定的依赖项是否具备来自 makeWith 的参数重写。
     *
     * @param  \ReflectionParameter  $dependency
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function hasParameterOverride($dependency)
    {
        return array_key_exists(
            $dependency->name,
            $this->getLastParameterOverride()
        );
    }

    /**
     * Get a parameter override for a dependency.
     * 获取依赖项的参数笼罩。
     *
     * @param  \ReflectionParameter  $dependency
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function getParameterOverride($dependency)
    {
        return $this->getLastParameterOverride()[$dependency->name];
    }

    /**
     * Get the last parameter override.
     * 获取最初一个参数笼罩。
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getLastParameterOverride()
    {
        return count($this->with) ? end($this->with) : [];
    }

    /**
     * Resolve a non-class hinted primitive dependency.
     * 解析非类提醒的原始依赖项。
     *
     * @param  \ReflectionParameter  $parameter
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Guanguans\Di\BindingResolutionException
     */
    protected function resolvePrimitive(ReflectionParameter $parameter)
    {
        if (! is_null($concrete = $this->getContextualConcrete('$'.$parameter->name))) {
            return $concrete instanceof Closure ? $concrete($this) : $concrete;
        }

        if ($parameter->isDefaultValueAvailable()) {
            return $parameter->getDefaultValue();
        }

        $this->unresolvablePrimitive($parameter);
    }

    /**
     * Resolve a class based dependency from the container.
     * 解析容器中基于类的依赖关系。
     *
     * @param  \ReflectionParameter  $parameter
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Guanguans\Di\BindingResolutionException
     */
    protected function resolveClass(ReflectionParameter $parameter)
    {
        try {
            return $this->make($parameter->getClass()->name);
        }

        // If we can not resolve the class instance, we will check to see if the value
        // is optional, and if it is we will return the optional parameter value as
        // the value of the dependency, similarly to how we do this with scalars.
        // 如果无奈解析类实例，则将查看该值是否为可选，如果为可选，
        // 们将返回可选参数 value 作为依赖项的值，相似于执行此操作的形式标量。
        catch (BindingResolutionException $e) {
            if ($parameter->isOptional()) {
                return $parameter->getDefaultValue();
            }

            throw $e;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Throw an exception that the concrete is not instantiable.
     * 抛出一个具体无奈实例化的异样。
     *
     * @param  string  $concrete
     * @return void
     *
     * @throws \Guanguans\Di\BindingResolutionException
     */
    protected function notInstantiable($concrete)
    {
        if (! empty($this->buildStack)) {
            $previous = implode(', ', $this->buildStack);

            $message = "Target [$concrete] is not instantiable while building [$previous].";
        } else {
            $message = "Target [$concrete] is not instantiable.";
        }

        throw new BindingResolutionException($message);
    }

    /**
     * Throw an exception for an unresolvable primitive.
     * 为无奈解析的原语抛出异样。
     *
     * @param  \ReflectionParameter  $parameter
     * @return void
     *
     * @throws \Guanguans\Di\BindingResolutionException
     */
    protected function unresolvablePrimitive(ReflectionParameter $parameter)
    {
        $message = "Unresolvable dependency resolving [$parameter] in class {$parameter->getDeclaringClass()->getName()}";

        throw new BindingResolutionException($message);
    }

    /**
     * Register a new resolving callback.
     * 注册一个新的解析回调。
     *
     * @param  string    $abstract
     * @param  \Closure|null  $callback
     * @return void
     */
    public function resolving($abstract, Closure $callback = null)
    {
        if (is_string($abstract)) {
            $abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract);
        }

        if (is_null($callback) && $abstract instanceof Closure) {
            $this->globalResolvingCallbacks[] = $abstract;
        } else {
            $this->resolvingCallbacks[$abstract][] = $callback;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Register a new after resolving callback for all types.
     * 在解析所有类型的回调之后注册一个新的。
     *
     * @param  string   $abstract
     * @param  \Closure|null $callback
     * @return void
     */
    public function afterResolving($abstract, Closure $callback = null)
    {
        if (is_string($abstract)) {
            $abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract);
        }

        if ($abstract instanceof Closure && is_null($callback)) {
            $this->globalAfterResolvingCallbacks[] = $abstract;
        } else {
            $this->afterResolvingCallbacks[$abstract][] = $callback;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Fire all of the resolving callbacks.
     * 触发所有解析的回调。
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @param  mixed   $object
     * @return void
     */
    protected function fireResolvingCallbacks($abstract, $object)
    {
        $this->fireCallbackArray($object, $this->globalResolvingCallbacks);

        $this->fireCallbackArray(
            $object,
            $this->getCallbacksForType($abstract, $object, $this->resolvingCallbacks)
        );

        $this->fireAfterResolvingCallbacks($abstract, $object);
    }

    /**
     * Fire all of the after resolving callbacks.
     * 解决回调后，请执行所有操作。
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @param  mixed   $object
     * @return void
     */
    protected function fireAfterResolvingCallbacks($abstract, $object)
    {
        $this->fireCallbackArray($object, $this->globalAfterResolvingCallbacks);

        $this->fireCallbackArray(
            $object,
            $this->getCallbacksForType($abstract, $object, $this->afterResolvingCallbacks)
        );
    }

    /**
     * Get all callbacks for a given type.
     * 获取给定类型的所有回调。
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @param  object  $object
     * @param  array   $callbacksPerType
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getCallbacksForType($abstract, $object, array $callbacksPerType)
    {
        $results = [];

        foreach ($callbacksPerType as $type => $callbacks) {
            if ($type === $abstract || $object instanceof $type) {
                $results = array_merge($results, $callbacks);
            }
        }

        return $results;
    }

    /**
     * Fire an array of callbacks with an object.
     * 触发带有对象的回调数组。
     *
     * @param  mixed  $object
     * @param  array  $callbacks
     * @return void
     */
    protected function fireCallbackArray($object, array $callbacks)
    {
        foreach ($callbacks as $callback) {
            $callback($object, $this);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the container's bindings.
     * 获取容器的绑定。
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getBindings()
    {
        return $this->bindings;
    }

    /**
     * Get the alias for an abstract if available.
     * 获取摘要的别名（如果有）。
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @return string
     *
     * @throws \LogicException
     */
    public function getAlias($abstract)
    {
        if (! isset($this->aliases[$abstract])) {
            return $abstract;
        }

        if ($this->aliases[$abstract] === $abstract) {
            throw new LogicException("[{$abstract}] is aliased to itself.");
        }

        return $this->getAlias($this->aliases[$abstract]);
    }

    /**
     * Get the extender callbacks for a given type.
     * 获取给定类型的扩大程序回调。
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getExtenders($abstract)
    {
        $abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract);

        if (isset($this->extenders[$abstract])) {
            return $this->extenders[$abstract];
        }

        return [];
    }

    /**
     * Remove all of the extender callbacks for a given type.
     * 删除给定类型的所有扩展器回调。
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @return void
     */
    public function forgetExtenders($abstract)
    {
        unset($this->extenders[$this->getAlias($abstract)]);
    }

    /**
     * Drop all of the stale instances and aliases.
     * 删除所有过期的实例和别名。
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @return void
     */
    protected function dropStaleInstances($abstract)
    {
        unset($this->instances[$abstract], $this->aliases[$abstract]);
    }

    /**
     * Remove a resolved instance from the instance cache.
     * 从实例缓存中删除已解析的实例。
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @return void
     */
    public function forgetInstance($abstract)
    {
        unset($this->instances[$abstract]);
    }

    /**
     * Clear all of the instances from the container.
     * 从容器中革除所有实例。
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function forgetInstances()
    {
        $this->instances = [];
    }

    /**
     * Flush the container of all bindings and resolved instances.
     * 刷新容器中的所有绑定和已解决的实例。
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function flush()
    {
        $this->aliases = [];
        $this->resolved = [];
        $this->bindings = [];
        $this->instances = [];
        $this->abstractAliases = [];
    }

    /**
     * Set the globally available instance of the container.
     * 设置容器的全局可用实例。
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public static function getInstance()
    {
        if (is_null(static::$instance)) {
            static::$instance = new static;
        }

        return static::$instance;
    }

    /**
     * Set the shared instance of the container.
     * 设置容器的共享实例。
     *
     * @param  \Guanguans\Di\Container|null  $container
     * @return static
     */
    public static function setInstance(Container $container = null)
    {
        return static::$instance = $container;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if a given offset exists.
     * 确定是否存在给定的 key 。
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    public function offsetExists($key)
    {
        return $this->bound($key);
    }

    /**
     * Get the value at a given offset.
     * 获取给定 key 的值。
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function offsetGet($key)
    {
        return $this->make($key);
    }

    /**
     * Set the value at a given offset.
     * 将值设置为给定的 key 。
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed   $value
     * @return void
     */
    public function offsetSet($key, $value)
    {
        $this->bind($key, $value instanceof Closure ? $value : function () use ($value) {
            return $value;
        });
    }

    /**
     * Unset the value at a given offset.
     * 以给定 key 勾销设置值。
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return void
     */
    public function offsetUnset($key)
    {
        unset($this->bindings[$key], $this->instances[$key], $this->resolved[$key]);
    }

    /**
     * Dynamically access container services.
     * 动静拜访容器服务。
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function __get($key)
    {
        return $this[$key];
    }

    /**
     * Dynamically set container services.
     * 动静设置容器服务。
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed   $value
     * @return void
     */
    public function __set($key, $value)
    {
        $this[$key] = $value;
    }

    /**
     * 通过其标识符查找容器的条目并返回它。
     *
     * @inheritDoc
     */
    public function has($id)
    {
        return $this->offsetExists($id);
    }

    /**
     * 如果容器能够返回给定标识符的条目，则返回 true 。 否则返回 false 。
     *
     * @inheritDoc
     */
    public function get($id)
    {
        return $this[$id];
    }
}

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