代理模式(Proxy),它是对简单处理程序(或指针)的增强,用于引用一个对象:这个指针被代理(Proxy)对象取代,代理对象位于客户端(Client)和真实执行程序之间,指针有一个可被多个目标利用的钩子。
从技术上讲,这种模式在客户端和真实主体(RealSubject)之间插入一个代理对象,维护subject接口和用不同的方式委派它的方法。代理可以透明地做任何事情:懒散创建RealSubject或载入数据,与其它机器交换消息,写时复制策略等。这与HTTP代理有点类似,其客户端(如浏览器)和应用程序依赖于与HTTP服务器的联系,代理在管理连接时可以完成其它任务,如访问控制和缓存大型下载文件。
代理模式的对象图与装饰模式对象图在结构上类似,但表达的目的各有不同,装饰者给对象动态增加行为,而代理则控制来自客户端的访问。此外,代理只在需要时才创建RealSubject。
参与者:
◆客户端(Client):取决于主体(Subject)实现;
◆主体(Subject):RealSubject的抽象;
◆真实主体(RealSubject):完成代价高昂的工作或包含大量的数据;
◆代理(Proxy):为Client提供一个与Subject一致的引用,仅在需要时才创建RealSubject实例或与RealSubject实例通信。
下面是两个被广泛使用的代理模式例子:
1、对象-关系映射(Orms)在运行中创建代理作为实体类的子类,以实现懒散加载(虚拟代理),这个代理会覆盖所有实体方法,在前面追加一个载入程序,在方法被真正调用前不会包含任何数据,Orms代理支持对象间的双向关系,不用加载整个数据库,因为它们被置于当前加载对象图的边界。
2、Java RMI使用远程代理对象(远程代理),当它们的方法被调用时,代理序列化参数,执行网络上的请求,委托调用另一个节点上的真实对象,这种技术允许透明地调用远程对象,不用担心它们是否在同一台机器上,但这种透明度很容易会使执行速度变慢。
下面的代码示例实现了一个ImageProxy,推迟了图像数据的加载。
/** <BR> * Subject interface. <BR> * Client depends only on this abstraction. <BR> */ <BR>interface Image <BR>{ <BR> public function getWidth(); <br><br> public function getHeight(); <br><br> public function getPath(); <br><br> /** <BR> * @return string the image's byte stream <BR> */ <BR> public function dump(); <BR>} <br><br>/** <BR> * Abstract class to avoid repetition of boilerplate code in the Proxy <BR> * and in the Subject. Only the methods which can be provided without <BR> * instancing the RealSubject are present here. <BR> */ <BR>abstract class AbstractImage implements Image <BR>{ <BR> protected $_width; <BR> protected $_height; <BR> protected $_path; <BR> protected $_data; <br><br> public function getWidth() <BR> { <BR> return $this->_width; <BR> } <br><br> public function getHeight() <BR> { <BR> return $this->_height; <BR> } <br><br> public function getPath() <BR> { <BR> return $this->_path; <BR> } <BR>} <br><br>/** <BR> * The RealSubject. Always loads the image, even if no dump of the data <BR> * is required. <BR> */ <BR>class RawImage extends AbstractImage <BR>{ <BR> public function __construct($path) <BR> { <BR> $this->_path = $path; <BR> list ($this->_width, $this->_height) = getimagesize($path); <BR> $this->_data = file_get_contents($path); <BR> } <br><br> publ<b style="color:transparent">(、本文来源gao@!dai!ma.com搞$$代^@码网*</b><i>搞gaodaima代码</i>ic function dump() <BR> { <BR> return $this->_data; <BR> } <BR>} <br><br>/** <BR> * Proxy. Defers loading the image data until it becomes really mandatory. <BR> * This class does its best to postpone the very expensive operations <BR> * such as the actual loading of the BLOB. <BR> */ <BR>class ImageProxy extends AbstractImage <BR>{ <BR> public function __construct($path) <BR> { <BR> $this->_path = $path; <BR> list ($this->_width, $this->_height) = getimagesize($path); <BR> } <br><br> /** <BR> * Creates a RawImage and exploits its functionalities. <BR> */ <BR> protected function _lazyLoad() <BR> { <BR> if ($this->_realImage === null) { <BR> $this->_realImage = new RawImage($this->_path); <BR> } <BR> } <br><br> public function dump() <BR> { <BR> $this->_lazyLoad(); <BR> return $this->_realImage->dump(); <BR> } <BR>} <br><br>/** <BR> * Client class that does not use the data dump of the image. <BR> * Passing blindly a Proxy to this class and to other Clients makes sense <BR> * as the data would be loaded anyway when Image::dump() is called. <BR> */ <BR>class Client <BR>{ <BR> public function tag(Image $img) <BR> { <BR> return '; <BR> } <BR>} <br><br>$path = '/home/giorgio/shared/Immagini/kiki.png'; <BR>$client = new Client(); <br><br>$image = new RawImage($path); // loading of the BLOB takes place <BR>echo $client->tag($image), "\n"; <br><br>$proxy = new ImageProxy($path); <BR>echo $client->tag($proxy), "\n"; // loading does not take place even here <BR>
以上代码实现了PHP的代理模式。简单来讲,代理模式就是为其他对象提供一个代理以控制对这个对象的访问。