路由的功能就是分发请求到不同的控制器，基于的原理就是正则匹配。接下来呢，我们实现一个简单的路由器，实现的能力是对于静态的路由（没占位符的），正确调用callback。
对于有占位符的路由，正确调用callback时传入占位符参数，譬如对于路由：/user/{id}，当请求为/user/23时，传入参数$args结构为
[ 'id' => '23']
大致思路
我们需要把每个路由的信息管理起来：http方法（$method），路由字符串（$route），回调（$callback），因此需要一个addRoute方法，另外提供短方法get，post（就是把$method写好）
对于/user/{id}这样的有占位符的路由字符串，把占位符要提取出来，然后占位符部分变成正则字符串
实现
Route.php类
<?phpnamespace SalamanderRoute;class Route { /<a style="color:transparent">本@文来源gao($daima.com搞@代@#码(网5</a><strong>搞gaodaima代码</strong>** @var string */ public $httpMethod; /** @var string */ public $regex; /** @var array */ public $variables; /** @var mixed */ public $handler; /** * Constructs a route (value object). * * @param string $httpMethod * @param mixed $handler * @param string $regex * @param array $variables */ public function __construct($httpMethod, $handler, $regex, $variables) { $this->httpMethod = $httpMethod; $this->handler = $handler; $this->regex = $regex; $this->variables = $variables; } /** * Tests whether this route matches the given string. * * @param string $str * * @return bool */ public function matches($str) { $regex = '~^' . $this->regex . '$~'; return (bool) preg_match($regex, $str); }}
Dispatcher.php
<?php/** * User: salamander * Date: 2017/11/12 * Time: 13:43 */namespace SalamanderRoute;class Dispatcher { /** @var mixed[][] */ protected $staticRoutes = []; /** @var Route[][] */ private $methodToRegexToRoutesMap = []; const NOT_FOUND = 0; const FOUND = 1; const METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 2; /** * 提取占位符 * @param $route * @return array */ private function parse($route) { $regex = '~^(?:/[a-zA-Z0-9_]*|/\{([a-zA-Z0-9_]+?)\})+/?$~'; if(preg_match($regex, $route, $matches)) { // 去掉full match array_shift($matches); return [ preg_replace('~{[a-zA-Z0-9_]+?}~', '([a-zA-Z0-9_]+)', $route), $matches, ]; } throw new \LogicException('register route failed, pattern is illegal'); } /** * 注册路由 * @param $httpMethod string | string[] * @param $route * @param $handler */ public function addRoute($httpMethod, $route, $handler) { $routeData = $this->parse($route); foreach ((array) $httpMethod as $method) { if ($this->isStaticRoute($routeData)) { $this->addStaticRoute($httpMethod, $routeData, $handler); } else { $this->addVariableRoute($httpMethod, $routeData, $handler); } } } private function isStaticRoute($routeData) { return count($routeData[1]) === 0; } private function addStaticRoute($httpMethod, $routeData, $handler) { $routeStr = $routeData[0]; if (isset($this->staticRoutes[$httpMethod][$routeStr])) { throw new \LogicException(sprintf( 'Cannot register two routes matching "%s" for method "%s"', $routeStr, $httpMethod )); } if (isset($this->methodToRegexToRoutesMap[$httpMethod])) { foreach ($this->methodToRegexToRoutesMap[$httpMethod] as $route) { if ($route->matches($routeStr)) { throw new \LogicException(sprintf( 'Static route "%s" is shadowed by previously defined variable route "%s" for method "%s"', $routeStr, $route->regex, $httpMethod )); } } } $this->staticRoutes[$httpMethod][$routeStr] = $handler; } private function addVariableRoute($httpMethod, $routeData, $handler) { list($regex, $variables) = $routeData; if (isset($this->methodToRegexToRoutesMap[$httpMethod][$regex])) { throw new \LogicException(sprintf( 'Cannot register two routes matching "%s" for method "%s"', $regex, $httpMethod )); } $this->methodToRegexToRoutesMap[$httpMethod][$regex] = new Route( $httpMethod, $handler, $regex, $variables ); } public function get($route, $handler) { $this->addRoute('GET', $route, $handler); } public function post($route, $handler) { $this->addRoute('POST', $route, $handler); } public function put($route, $handler) { $this->addRoute('PUT', $route, $handler); } public function delete($route, $handler) { $this->addRoute('DELETE', $route, $handler); } public function patch($route, $handler) { $this->addRoute('PATCH', $route, $handler); } public function head($route, $handler) { $this->addRoute('HEAD', $route, $handler); } /** * 分发 * @param $httpMethod * @param $uri */ public function dispatch($httpMethod, $uri) { $staticRoutes = array_keys($this->staticRoutes[$httpMethod]); foreach ($staticRoutes as $staticRoute) { if($staticRoute === $uri) { return [self::FOUND, $this->staticRoutes[$httpMethod][$staticRoute], []]; } } $routeLookup = []; $index = 1; $regexes = array_keys($this->methodToRegexToRoutesMap[$httpMethod]); foreach ($regexes as $regex) { $routeLookup[$index] = [ $this->methodToRegexToRoutesMap[$httpMethod][$regex]->handler, $this->methodToRegexToRoutesMap[$httpMethod][$regex]->variables, ]; $index += count($this->methodToRegexToRoutesMap[$httpMethod][$regex]->variables); } $regexCombined = '~^(?:' . implode('|', $regexes) . ')$~'; if(!preg_match($regexCombined, $uri, $matches)) { return [self::NOT_FOUND]; } for ($i = 1; '' === $matches[$i]; ++$i); list($handler, $varNames) = $routeLookup[$i]; $vars = []; foreach ($varNames as $varName) { $vars[$varName] = $matches[$i++]; } return [self::FOUND, $handler, $vars]; }}
配置
nginx.conf重写到index.php
location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$is_args$args; # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } }composer.json自动载入{ "name": "salmander/route", "require": {}, "autoload": { "psr-4": { "SalamanderRoute\\": "SalamanderRoute/" } }}
composer.json自动载入
{ "name": "salmander/route", "require": {}, "autoload": { "psr-4": { "SalamanderRoute\\": "SalamanderRoute/" } }
最终使用
index.php
<?phpinclude_once 'vendor/autoload.php';use SalamanderRoute\Dispatcher;$dispatcher = new Dispatcher();$dispatcher->get('/', function () { echo 'hello world';});$dispatcher->get('/user/{id}', function ($args) { echo "user {$args['id']} visit";});// Fetch method and URI from somewhere$httpMethod = $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'];$uri = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];// 去掉查询字符串if (false !== $pos = strpos($uri, '?')) { $uri = substr($uri, 0, $pos);}$routeInfo = $dispatcher->dispatch($httpMethod, $uri);switch ($routeInfo[0]) { case Dispatcher::NOT_FOUND: echo '404 not found'; break; case Dispatcher::FOUND: $handler = $routeInfo[1]; $vars = $routeInfo[2]; $handler($vars); break;}
看了上面的这个案例大家应该对PHP实现简单路由器，有更清楚的认识吧，后期我们还会继续推出相关文章，大家有任何问题都可以踊跃发言，
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