MySQL 5.5的发布带来了许多增强的功能,虽然已经报道了很多增强功能,如半同步复制,但大家却忽略了分区方面的增强,有时甚至还对其真正意义产生了误解,在这篇文章中,我们希望解释一下这些很酷的增强,特别是我们大多数人还没有完全理解的地方。bitscn向您推荐《MySQL数据库入门与精通教程》。
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图 1 大家还没注意到我MySQL的分区功能也很强了哦
非整数列分区
任何使用过分区的人应该都遇到过不少问题,特别是面对非整数列分区时,MySQL 5.1只能处理整数列分区,如果你想在日期或字符串列上进行分区,你不得不使用函数对其进行转换。
MySQL 5.5中新增了两类分区方法,RANG和LIST分区法,同时在新的函数中增加了一个COLUMNS关键词。我们假设有这样一个表:
<ol class="dp-sql"><li class="alt"><span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">CREATE</font></strong></span><span> </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">TABLE</font></strong></span><span> expenses ( </span></span></li><li><span> expense_date </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">DATE</font></strong></span><span> </span><span class="op"><font color="#808080">NOT</font></span><span> </span><span class="op"><font color="#808080">NULL</font></span><span>, </span></li><li class="alt"><span> category </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">VARCHAR</font></strong></span><span>(30), </span></li><li><span> amount </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">DECIMAL</font></strong></span><span> (10,3) </span></li><li class="alt"><span>); </span></li></ol>
如果你想使用MySQL 5.1中的分区类型,那你必须将类型转换成整数,需要使用一个额外的查找表,到了MySQL 5.5中,你可以不用再进行类型转换了,如:
<ol class="dp-sql"><li class="alt"><span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">ALTER</font></strong></span><span> </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">TABLE</font></strong></span><span> expenses </span></span></li><li><span>PARTITION </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">BY</font></strong></span><span> LIST COLUMNS (category) </span></li><li class="alt"><span>( </span></li><li><span> PARTITION p01 </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">VALUES</font></strong></span><span> </span><span class="op"><font color="#808080">IN</font></span><span> ( </span><span class="string"><font color="#0000ff">'lodging'</font></span><span>, </span><span class="string"><font color="#0000ff">'food'</font></span><span>), </span></li><li class="alt"><span> PARTITION p02 </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">VALUES</font></strong></span><span> </span><span class="op"><font color="#808080">IN</font></span><span> ( </span><span class="string"><font color="#0000ff">'flights'</font></span><span>, </span><span class="string"><font color="#0000ff">'ground transportation'</font></span><span>), </span></li><li><span> PARTITION p03 </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">VALUES</font></strong></span><span> </span><span class="op"><font color="#808080">IN</font></span><span> ( </span><span class="string"><font color="#0000ff">'leisure'</font></span><span>, </span><span class="string"><font color="#0000ff">'customer entertainment'</font></span><span>), </span></li><li class="alt"><span> PARTITION p04 </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">VALUES</font></strong></span><span> </span><span class="op"><font color="#808080">IN</font></span><span><div style="color:transparent">本文来源gaodai^.ma#com搞#代!码网</div> ( </span><span class="string"><font color="#0000ff">'communications'</font></span><span>), </span></li><li><span> PARTITION p05 </span><span class="keyword"><strong><font color="#006699">VALUES</font></strong></span><span> </span><span class="op"><font color="#808080">IN</font></span><span> ( </span><span class="string"><font color="#0000ff">'fees'</font></span><span>) </span></li><li class="alt"><span>); </span></li></ol>