keepalived构建高可用MySQL-HA_MySQL

　　关于MySQL-HA，目前有多种解决方案，比如heartbeat、drbd、mmm、共享存储，但是它们各有优缺点。heartbeat、drbd配置较为复杂，需要自己写脚本才能实现MySQL自动切换，对于不会脚本语言的人来说，这无疑是一种脑裂问题;对于mmm，生产环境中很少有人用，且mmm 管理端需要单独运行一台服务器上，要是想实现高可用，就得对mmm管理端做HA，这样无疑又增加了硬件开支;对于共享存储，个人觉得MySQL数据还是放在本地较为安全，存储设备毕竟存在单点隐患。使用MySQL双master+keepalived是一种非常好的解决方案，在MySQL-HA环境中，MySQL互为主从关系，这样就保证了两台MySQL数据的一致性，然后用keepalived实现虚拟IP，通过keepalived自带的服务监控功能来实现MySQL故障时自动切换。

　　下面，我把即将上线的一个生产环境中的架构与大家分享一下，看一下这个架构中，MySQL-HA是如何实现的，环境拓扑如下

<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt">MySQL-VIP：192.168.1.200    </li><li>MySQL-master1：192.168.1.201    </li><li class="alt">MySQL-master2：192.168.1.202    </li><li>   </li><li class="alt">OS版本：CentOS 5.4    </li><li>MySQL版本：5.0.89    </li><li class="alt">Keepalived版本：1.1.20  </li></ol>

　　一、MySQL master-master配置

　　1、修改MySQL配置文件

　　两台MySQL均如要开启binlog日志功能，开启方法：在MySQL配置文件[MySQLd]段中加上log-bin=MySQL-bin选项

　　两台MySQL的server-ID不能一样，默认情况下两台MySQL的serverID都是1，需将其中一台修改为2即可

　　2、将192.168.1.201设为192.168.1.202的主服务器

　　在192.168.1.201上新建授权用户

<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt">MySQL> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'%' identified by 'replication';    </li><li>Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)    </li><li class="alt">   </li><li>MySQL> show master status;    </li><li class="alt">+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+    </li><li>| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |    </li><li class="alt">+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+    </li><li>| MySQL-bin.000003 |      374 |              |                  |     </li><li class="alt">+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+    </li><li>1 row in set (0.00 sec)  </li></ol>

　　在192.168.1.202上将192.168.1.201设为自己的主服务器

<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt">MySQL> change master to master_host='192.168.1.201',master_user='replication',master_password='replication',master_log_file='MySQL-bin.000003',master_log_pos=374;    </li><li>Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)    </li><li class="alt">   </li><li>MySQL> start slave;    </li><li class="alt">Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)    </li><li>   </li><li class="alt">MySQL> show slave status/G    </li><li>*************************** 1. row ***************************    </li><li class="alt">             Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event    </li><li>                Master_Host: 192.168.1.201    </li><li class="alt">                Master_User: replication    </li><li>                Master_Port: 3306    </li><li class="alt">              Connect_Retry: 60    </li><li>            Master_Log_File: MySQL-bin.000003    </li><li class="alt">        Read_Master_Log_Pos: 374    </li><li>             Relay_Log_File: MySQL-master2-relay-bin.000002    </li><li class="alt">              Relay_Log_Pos: 235    </li><li>      Relay_Master_Log_File: MySQL-bin.000003    </li><li class="alt">           Slave_IO_Running: Yes    </li><li>          Slave_SQL_Running: Yes    </li><li class="alt">            Replicate_Do_DB:     </li><li>        Replicate_Ignore_DB:     </li><li class="alt">         Replicate_Do_Table:     </li><li>     Replicate_Ignore_Table:     </li><li class="alt">    Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:     </li><li>Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:     </li><li class="alt">                 Last_Errno: 0    </li><li>                 Last_Error:     </li><li class="alt">               Skip_Counter: 0    </li><li>        Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 374    </li><li class="alt">            Relay_Log_Space: 235    </li><li>            Until_Condition: None    </li><li class="alt">             Until_Log_File:     </li><li>              Until_Log_Pos: 0    </li><li class="alt">         Master_SSL_Allowed: No    </li><li>         Master_SSL_CA_File:     </li><li class="alt">         Master_SSL_CA_Path:     </li><li>            Master_SSL_Cert:     </li><li class="alt">          Master_SSL_Cipher:     </li><li>             Master_SSL_Key:     </li><li class="alt">      Seconds_Behind_Master: 0    </li><li>1 row in set (0.00 sec)  </li></ol>

　　3、将192.168.1.202设为192.168.1.201的主服务器

　　在192.168.1.202上新建授权用户

<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt">MySQL> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'%' identified by 'replication';    </li><li>Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)    </li><li class="alt">   <p>本文来源gao!%daima.com搞$代*!码9网(</p></li><li>MySQL> show master status;    </li><li class="alt">+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+    </li><li>| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |    </li><li class="alt">+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+    </li><li>| MySQL-bin.000003 |      374 |              |                  |     </li><li class="alt">+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+    </li><li>1 row in set (0.00 sec)  </li></ol>

　　在192.168.1.201上，将192.168.1.202设为自己的主服务器

<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt">MySQL> change master to master_host='192.168.1.202',master_user='replication',master_password='replication',master_log_file='MySQL-bin.000003',master_log_pos=374;    </li><li>Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)    </li><li class="alt">   </li><li>MySQL> start slave;    </li><li class="alt">Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)    </li><li>   </li><li class="alt">MySQL> show slave status/G    </li><li>*************************** 1. row ***************************    </li><li class="alt">             Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event    </li><li>                Master_Host: 192.168.1.202    </li><li class="alt">                Master_User: replication    </li><li>                Master_Port: 3306    </li><li class="alt">              Connect_Retry: 60    </li><li>            Master_Log_File: MySQL-bin.000003    </li><li class="alt">        Read_Master_Log_Pos: 374    </li><li>             Relay_Log_File: MySQL-master1-relay-bin.000002    </li><li class="alt">              Relay_Log_Pos: 235    </li><li>      Relay_Master_Log_File: MySQL-bin.000003    </li><li class="alt">           Slave_IO_Running: Yes    </li><li>          Slave_SQL_Running: Yes    </li><li class="alt">            Replicate_Do_DB:     </li><li>        Replicate_Ignore_DB:     </li><li class="alt">         Replicate_Do_Table:     </li><li>     Replicate_Ignore_Table:     </li><li class="alt">    Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:     </li><li>Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:     </li><li class="alt">                 Last_Errno: 0    </li><li>                 Last_Error:     </li><li class="alt">               Skip_Counter: 0    </li><li>        Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 374    </li><li class="alt">            Relay_Log_Space: 235    </li><li>            Until_Condition: None    </li><li class="alt">             Until_Log_File:     </li><li>              Until_Log_Pos: 0    </li><li class="alt">         Master_SSL_Allowed: No   </li><li>         Master_SSL_CA_File:     </li><li class="alt">         Master_SSL_CA_Path:     </li><li>            Master_SSL_Cert:     </li><li class="alt">          Master_SSL_Cipher:     </li><li>             Master_SSL_Key:     </li><li class="alt">      Seconds_Behind_Master: 0    </li><li>1 row in set (0.00 sec)  </li></ol>

　　4、MySQL同步测试

　　如上述均正确配置，现在任何一台MySQL上更新数据都会同步到另一台MySQL，MySQL同步在此不再演示

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