MySQL用户中的%到底包不包括localhost?

1 前言

操作MySQL的时候发现，有时只建了%的账号，可以通过localhost连接，有时候却不可以，网上搜索也找不到满意的答案，干脆手动测试一波

2 两种连接方法

这里说的两种连接方法指是执行mysql命令时，-h参数填的是localhost还是IP, 两种连接方式的区别如下

-h 参数为 localhost

当-h参数为localhost的时候，实际上是使用socket连接的（默认连接方式）, 实例如下

[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
Enter password: 
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:        9
Current database:    
Current user:        test_user@localhost
SSL:            Not in use
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ''
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:        5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        Localhost via UNIX socket

从Current user可以看到用户是xx@localhost, 连接方式为Localhost via UNIX socket

-h 参数为 IP

当-h参数为IP的时候，实际上是使用TCP连接的, 实例如下

[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password: 
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status
--------------
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:        11
Current database:    
Current user:        [email protected]
SSL:            Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ''
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:        5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
Server characterset:    utf8

从Current user可以看到用户是[email protected], 连接方式为TCP/IP

3 不同版本的差别

测试方法就是看能不能连接，如果不想看测试过程可以拉到最后看结论

3.1 MySQL 8.0

创建用户

mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.11    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

使用 localhost 登录

[root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status
--------------
/usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql  Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)

Connection id:        9
Current database:    
Current user:        test_user@localhost
SSL:            Not in use
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ''
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:        8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        Localhost via UNIX socket
...

使用 IP 登录

[root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status
--------------
/usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql  Ver 8.0.11<span style="color:transparent">本文来源gaodai#ma#com搞*!代#%^码$网!</span> for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)

Connection id:        8
Current database:    
Current user:        [email protected]
SSL:            Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ''
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:        8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP

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