SpringBoot之HandlerInterceptor拦截器的使用详解

这篇文章主要介绍了SpringBoot之HandlerInterceptor拦截器的使用详解，文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习学习吧

前言

平常项目开发过程中，会遇到登录拦截，权限校验，参数处理，防重复提交等问题，那拦截器就能帮我们统一处理这些问题。

一、实现方式

1.1 自定义拦截器

自定义拦截器，即拦截器的实现类，一般有两种自定义方式：

定义一个类，实现org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor接口。

定义一个类，继承已实现了HandlerInterceptor接口的类，例如org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.HandlerInterceptorAdapter抽象类。

1.2 添加Interceptor拦截器到WebMvcConfigurer配置器中

自定义配置器，然后实现WebMvcConfigurer配置器。

以前一般继承org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter类，不过SrpingBoot 2.0以上WebMvcConfigurerAdapter类就过时了。有以下2中替代方法：

直接实现org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer接口。（推荐）

继承org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport类。但是继承WebMvcConfigurationSupport会让SpringBoot对mvc的自动配置失效。不过目前大多数项目是前后端分离，并没有对静态资源有自动配置的需求，所以继承WebMvcConfigurationSupport也未尝不可。

二、HandlerInterceptor 方法介绍

preHandle：预处理，在业务处理器处理请求之前被调用，可以进行登录拦截，编码处理、安全控制、权限校验等处理；

 default boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception { return true; }

postHandle：后处理，在业务处理器处理请求执行完成后，生成视图之前被调用。即调用了Service并返回ModelAndView，但未进行页面渲染，可以修改ModelAndView，这个比较少用。

 default void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, @Nullable ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception { }

afterCompletion：返回处理，在DispatcherServlet完全处理完请求后被调用，可用于清理资源等。已经渲染了页面。

 default void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, @Nullable Exception ex) throws Exception { }

三、拦截器（Interceptor）实现

3.1 实现HandlerInterceptor

此拦截器演示了通过注解形式，对用户权限进行拦截校验。

 package com.nobody.interceptor; import com.nobody.annotation.UserAuthenticate; import com.nobody.context.UserContext; import com.nobody.context.UserContextManager; import com.nobody.exception.RestAPIError; import com.nobody.exception.RestException; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod; import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /** * @Description * @Author Mr.nobody * @Date 2020/10/25 * @Version 1.0 */ @Slf4j @Component public class UserPermissionInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { private UserContextManager userContextManager; @Autowired public void setContextManager(UserContextManager userContextManager) { this.userContextManager = userContextManager; } @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) { log.info(">>> UserPermissionInterceptor preHandle -- "); if (handler instanceof HandlerMethod) { HandlerMethod handlerMethod = (HandlerMethod) handler; // 获取用户权限校验注解(优先获取方法，无则再从类获取) UserAuthenticate userAuthenticate = handlerMethod.getMethod().getAnnotation(UserAuthenticate.class); if (null == userAuthenticate) { userAuthenticate = handlerMethod.getMethod().getDeclaringClass() .getAnnotation(UserAuthenticate.class); } if (userAuthenticate != null && userAuthenticate.permission()) { // 获取用户信息 UserContext userContext = userContextManager.getUserContext(request); // 权限校验 if (userAuthenticate.type() != userContext.getType()) { // 如若不抛出异常，也可返回false throw new RestException(RestAPIError.AUTH_ERROR); } } } return true; } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) { log.info(">>> UserPermissionInterceptor postHandle -- "); } @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) { log.info(">>> UserPermissionInterceptor afterCompletion -- "); } }

3.2 继承HandlerInterceptorAdapter

 package com.nobody.interceptor; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.HandlerInterceptorAdapter; /** * @Description * @Author Mr.nobody * @Date 2020/10/25 * @Version 1.0 */ @Slf4j @Component public class UserPermissionInterceptorAdapter extends HandlerInterceptorAdapter { @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) { log.info(">>> UserPermissionInterceptorAdapter preHandle -- "); return true; } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) { log.info(">>> UserPermissionInterceptorAdapter postHandle -- "); } @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) { log.info(">>> UserPermissionInterceptorAdapter afterCompletion -- "); } }

四、配置器（WebMvcConfigurer）实现

4.1 实现WebMvcConfigurer（推荐）

 package com.nobody.config; import com.nobody.context.UserContextResolver; import com.nobody.interceptor.UserPermissionInterceptor; import com.nobody.interceptor.UserPermissionInterceptorAdapter; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.method.support.HandlerMethodArgumentResolver; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer; import java.util.List; /** * @Description * @Author Mr.nobody * @Date 2020/10/25 * @Version 1.0 */ @Configuration public class WebAppConfigurer implements WebMvcConfigurer { private UserPermissionInterceptor userPermissionInterceptor; private UserPermissionInterceptorAdapter userPermissionInterceptorAdapter; private UserContextResolver userContextResolver; @Autowired public void setUserPermissionInt<b style="color:transparent">来源gao@!dai!ma.com搞$$代^@码网</b>erceptor(UserPermissionInterceptor userPermissionInterceptor) { this.userPermissionInterceptor = userPermissionInterceptor; } @Autowired public void setUserPermissionInterceptorAdapter( UserPermissionInterceptorAdapter userPermissionInterceptorAdapter) { this.userPermissionInterceptorAdapter = userPermissionInterceptorAdapter; } @Autowired public void setUserContextResolver(UserContextResolver userContextResolver) { this.userContextResolver = userContextResolver; } @Override public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) { // 可以添加多个拦截器，一般只添加一个 // addPathPatterns("/**") 表示对所有请求都拦截 // .excludePathPatterns("/base/index") 表示排除对/base/index请求的拦截 // 多个拦截器可以设置order顺序，值越小，preHandle越先执行，postHandle和afterCompletion越后执行 // order默认的值是0，如果只添加一个拦截器，可以不显示设置order的值 registry.addInterceptor(userPermissionInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/**") .excludePathPatterns("/base/index").order(0); // registry.addInterceptor(userPermissionInterceptorAdapter).addPathPatterns("/**") // .excludePathPatterns("/base/index").order(1); } @Override public void addArgumentResolvers(List resolvers) { resolvers.add(userContextResolver); } }

4.2 继承WebMvcConfigurationSupport

 package com.nobody.config; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport; import com.nobody.interceptor.UserPermissionInterceptor; import com.nobody.interceptor.UserPermissionInterceptorAdapter; /** * @Description * @Author Mr.nobody * @Date 2020/10/25 * @Version 1.0 */ @Configuration public class WebAppConfigurerSupport extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport { @Autowired private UserPermissionInterceptor userPermissionInterceptor; // @Autowired // private UserPermissionInterceptorAdapter userPermissionInterceptorAdapter; @Override public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) { // 可以添加多个拦截器，一般只添加一个 // addPathPatterns("/**") 表示对所有请求都拦截 // .excludePathPatterns("/base/index") 表示排除对/base/index请求的拦截 registry.addInterceptor(userPermissionInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/**") .excludePathPatterns("/base/index"); // registry.addInterceptor(userPermissionInterceptorAdapter).addPathPatterns("/**") // .excludePathPatterns("/base/index"); } }

五、其他主要辅助类

5.1 用户上下文类

 package com.nobody.context; import com.nobody.enums.AuthenticationTypeEnum; import lombok.Getter; import lombok.Setter; import lombok.ToString; /** * @Description 用户上下文 * @Author Mr.nobody * @Date 2020/10/25 * @Version 1.0 */ @Getter @Setter @ToString public class UserContext { // 用户名称 private String name; // 用户ID private String userId; // 用户类型 private AuthenticationTypeEnum type; }

5.2 校验访问权限注解

 package com.nobody.context; import com.nobody.enums.AuthenticationTypeEnum; import lombok.Getter; import lombok.Setter; import lombok.ToString; /** * @Description 用户上下文 * @Author Mr.nobody * @Date 2020/10/25 * @Version 1.0 */ @Getter @Setter @ToString public class UserContext { // 用户名称 private String name; // 用户ID private String userId; // 用户类型 private AuthenticationTypeEnum type; }

5.3 用户上下文操作类

 package com.nobody.context; import com.nobody.enums.AuthenticationTypeEnum; import com.nobody.exception.RestAPIError; import com.nobody.exception.RestException; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.util.StringUtils; import javax.servlet.http.Cookie; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.util.Objects; import java.util.UUID; /** * @Description 用户上下文操作类 * @Author Mr.nobody * @Date 2020/10/25 * @Version 1.0 */ @Component public class UserContextManager { private static final String COOKIE_KEY = "__userToken"; // @Autowired // private RedisService redisService; /** * 获取用户上下文信息 * * @param request * @return */ public UserContext getUserContext(HttpServletRequest request) { String userToken = getUserToken(request, COOKIE_KEY); if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(userToken)) { // 从缓存或者第三方获取用户信息 // String userContextStr = redisService.getString(userToken); // if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(userContextStr)) { // return JSON.parseObject(userContextStr, UserContext.class); // } // 因为演示，没集成Redis，故简单new对象 UserContext userContext = new UserContext(); userContext.setName("Mr.nobody"); userContext.setUserId("0000001"); userContext.setType(AuthenticationTypeEnum.ADMIN); return userContext; } throw new RestException(RestAPIError.AUTH_ERROR); } public String getUserToken(HttpServletRequest request, String cookieKey) { Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies(); if (null != cookies) { for (Cookie cookie : cookies) { if (Objects.equals(cookie.getName(), cookieKey)) { return cookie.getValue(); } } } return null; } /** * 保存用户上下文信息 * * @param response * @param userContextStr */ public void saveUserContext(HttpServletResponse response, String userContextStr) { // 用户token实际根据自己业务进行生成，此处简单用UUID String userToken = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); // 设置cookie Cookie cookie = new Cookie(COOKIE_KEY, userToken); cookie.setPath("/"); response.addCookie(cookie); // redis缓存 // redisService.setString(userToken, userContextStr, 3600); } }

5.4 方法参数解析器类

 package com.nobody.context; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.web.bind.support.WebDataBinderFactory; import org.springframework.web.context.request.NativeWebRequest; import org.springframework.web.method.support.HandlerMethodArgumentResolver; import org.springframework.web.method.support.ModelAndViewContainer; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; /** * @Description 对有UserContext参数的接口，进行拦截注入用户信息 * @Author Mr.nobody * @Date 2020/10/25 * @Version 1.0 */ @Component @Slf4j public class UserContextResolver implements HandlerMethodArgumentResolver { @Autowired private UserContextManager userContextManager; @Override public Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter parameter, ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, NativeWebRequest webRequest, WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) { log.info(">>> resolveArgument -- begin..."); HttpServletRequest request = webRequest.getNativeRequest(HttpServletRequest.class); // 从缓存获取用户信息赋值到接口参数中 return userContextManager.getUserContext(request); } /** * 只对UserContext参数进行拦截赋值 * * @param methodParameter * @return */ @Override public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter methodParameter) { if (methodParameter.getParameterType().equals(UserContext.class)) { return true; } return false; } }

六、测试验证

 package com.nobody.controller; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON; import com.nobody.annotation.UserAuthenticate; import com.nobody.context.UserContext; import com.nobody.context.UserContextManager; import com.nobody.enums.AuthenticationTypeEnum; import com.nobody.pojo.model.GeneralResult; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /** * @Description * @Author Mr.nobody * @Date 2020/10/25 * @Version 1.0 */ @RestController @RequestMapping("user") public class UserController { @Autowired private UserContextManager userContextManager; @GetMapping("login") public GeneralResult doLogin(HttpServletResponse response) { UserContext userContext = new UserContext(); userContext.setUserId("0000001"); userContext.setName("Mr.nobody"); userContext.setType(AuthenticationTypeEnum.ADMIN); userContextManager.saveUserContext(response, JSON.toJSONString(userContext)); return GeneralResult.genSuccessResult(userContext); } @GetMapping("personal") @UserAuthenticate(permission = true, type = AuthenticationTypeEnum.ADMIN) public GeneralResult getPersonInfo(UserContext userContext) { return GeneralResult.genSuccessResult(userContext); } }

启动服务后，在浏览器先调用personal接口，因为没有登录，所以会报错没有权限：

控制台输出：

启动服务后，在浏览器先访问login接口进行登录，再访问personal接口，验证通过，正确返回用户信息：

七、Github项目

项目工程可从Github获取，https://github.com/LucioChn/springboot-common.git

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