MySQL 备份和恢复（三）Xtrabackup实现热备：完全备份+增量备份

PerconaXtraBackupistheworld’sonlyopen-source,freeMySQLhotbackupsoftwarethatperformsnon-blockingbackupsforInnoDBandXtraDBdatabases.WithPerconaXtraBack

Percona XtraBackup is the world’s only open-source, free MySQL hot backup software that performs non-blocking backups for InnoDB and XtraDB databases. With Percona XtraBackup, you can achieve the following benefits:

以上摘自官方文档对Xtrabackup的描述。

Xtrabackup是Percona公司的开源mysql热备软件，软件自身支持完全备份和增量备份，功能强大，使用简单，且备份结束会自动检查备份的可用性。对于InnoDB和XtraDB可以实现无阻塞的备份。

Xtrabackup会在备份目录下自动生成以当前日期和时间为名的目录，目录下包含当前备份所有数据文件和丰富的当前备份时的状态信息。

实例演示：

xtrabackup的安装，安装包可从官网下载，官方提供了二进制和源码包，根据自己需要下载

/* 下载官方的rpm包安装，xtrabackup要依赖perl-DBD-mysql包，不想手动解决依赖关系可以yum localinstall安装 */[root@console ~]# yum localinstall –nogpgcheck percona-xtrabackup-2.1.4-656.rhel6.x86_64.rpm -y/* xtrabackup安装后生成的文件不多 */[root@console ~]# rpm -ql percona-xtrabackup/usr/bin/innobackupex /* 备份时用的命令,会根据mysql版本自动调用xtrabackup_{55,56} *//usr/bin/innobackupex-1.5.1 /usr/bin/xbcrypt /* 提供备份过程加密支持 *//usr/bin/xbstream /* 支持流式备份 *//usr/bin/xtrabackup/usr/bin/xtrabackup_55 / * 这个和下面那个才是备份过程实际调用的备份程序 *//usr/bin/xtrabackup_56/usr/share/doc/percona-xtrabackup-2.1.4/usr/share/doc/percona-xtrabackup-2.1.4/COPYING /* 文档只有一个软件授权文件，没有man文档，不过–help给出的帮助信息也比较丰富 */

备份过程：

/* 在库db1中准备一张表tb1，做效果比较用 */MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE db1;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> USE db1Database changedMariaDB [db1]> CREATE TABLE `tb1` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `Name` varchar(30) NOT NULL, `Gender` enum(‘F’,’M’,’O’) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) );Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.22 sec)MariaDB [db1]> DESC tb1;+——–+——————-+——+—–+———+—————-+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+——–+——————-+——+—–+———+—————-+| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment || Name | varchar(30) | NO | | NULL | || Gender | enum(‘F’,’M’,’O’) | NO | | NULL | |+——–+——————-+——+—–+———+—————-+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [db1]> INSERT INTO tb1 (Name,Gender) VALUES (‘Tom’,’M’),(‘Jerry’,’F’);Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.05 sec)Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0MariaDB [db1]> SELECT * FROM tb1;+—-+——-+——–+| id | Name | Gender |+—-+——-+——–+| 1 | Tom | M || 2 | Jerry | F |+—-+——-+——–+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)/* 创建一个用于备份的最小权限的用户 */MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER ‘bakuser’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘backupass’;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES,GRANT OPTION FROM ‘bakuser’@’localhost’;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT RELOAD,LOCK TABLES,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO ‘bakuser’@’localhost’;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

现在先做一次完全备份：

/* 全备只需指定用于备份的用户名、密码和备份路径即可，最后出现innobackupex: completed OK! 则代表备份成功 */[root@node1 ~]# innobackupex –user=bakuser –password=backupass /innobackup/innobackupex: Backup created in directory ‘/innobackup/2014-07-31_09-27-36’innobackupex: MySQL binlog position:

filename ‘mysql-bin.000001’, position 1270140731 09:27:39 innobackupex: Connection to database server closed140731 09:27:40 innobackupex: completed OK!/* 看一下备份都生成了哪些文件,除了数据库文件外还多了一些文件，注意由于我用root登陆系统，备份后的文件属主属组都是root，恢复后要改为运行mysqld进程的用户，不然mysql起不来 */[root@node1 ~]# cd /innobackup/2014-07-31_09-27-36/[root@node1 2014-07-31_09-27-36]# lltotal 18476-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 260 Jul 31 09:27 backup-my.cnf /* 备份命令用到的配置选项信息 */drwx——. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 09:27 db1 drwx——. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 09:27 hellodb-rw-r—–. 1 root root 18874368 Jul 31 09:27 ibdata1drwx——. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 09:27 mydbdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 09:27 mysqldrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 09:27 performance_schemadrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 31 09:27 test-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 13 Jul 31 09:27 xtrabackup_binary /* 记录备份过程实际用的备份程序 */-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 24 Jul 31 09:27 xtrabackup_binlog_info /* 记录备份时的二进制日志文件和当前的位置 */-rw-r—–. 1 root root 89 Jul 31 09:27 xtrabackup_checkpoints /* 记录备份类型、状态（是否prepared)、是否压缩、备份的LSN(Log Serial Number日志序列号）范围等信息 */-rw-r—–. 1 root root 2560 Jul 31 09:27 xtrabackup_logfile /* xtrabackup自己的日志文件，新版本中不直接可见 */[root@node1 2014-07-31_09-27-36]# cat backup-my.cnf # This MySQL options file was generated by innobackupex.# The MySQL server[mysqld]innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:10M:autoextendinnodb_log_files_in_group=2innodb_log_file_size=5242880innodb_fast_checksum=0innodb_page_size=16384innodb_log_block_size=512[root@node1 2014-07-31_09-27-36]# cat xtrabackup_binary xtrabackup_55[root@node1 2014-07-31_09-27-36]# [root@node1 2014-07-31_09-27-36]# cat xtrabackup_binlog_info mysql-bin.000001 1270 [root@node1 2014-07-31_09-27-36]# cat xtrabackup_checkpoints backup_type = full-backupedfrom_lsn = 0to_lsn = 1660869last_lsn = 1660869compact = 0[root@node1 2014-07-31_09-27-36]# file xtrabackup_logfile xtrabackup_logfile: data

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