MySQL备份与恢复之真实环境使用凉备

mysql备份与恢复之真实环境使用冷备

一真实环境使用冷备

在上一篇文章（MySQL备份与恢复之冷备）中，我们提到了冷备。但是有个问题，我们存储的数据文件是保存在当前本地磁盘的，如果这个磁盘挂掉，那我们存储的数据不就丢失了，这样备份数据不就功亏一篑，劳而无功。所以真实环境中我们多准备几块磁盘，然后再在这些磁盘上搭建LVM，把MySQL的数据目录挂载到LVM上，这样数据就不是存储在当前磁盘上，就可以保证数据的安全性。

二示意图

MySQL备份与恢复之真实环境使用凉备

三真实环境使用冷备模拟

第一步，需要提前规划好磁盘，这里做模拟，添加两磁盘

第二步，对磁盘进行分区

[root@serv01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb [root@serv01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc  [root@serv01 ~]# ll /dev/sd[bc]1 brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 17 Sep 10 18:06 /dev/sdb1 brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 33 Sep 10 18:09 /dev/sdc1 
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第三步，yum安装lvm2

[root@serv01 ~]# yum install lvm2 -y

第四步，创建物理卷

[root@serv01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1    Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created   Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created

第五步，创建卷组

[root@serv01 ~]# vgcreate data /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1    Volume group "data" successfully created

第六步，创建逻辑卷

[root@serv01 ~]# lvcreate -L 2G -n mydata data   Logical volume "mydata" created

第七步，格式化磁盘

[root@serv01 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/data/mydata  mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 131072 inodes, 524288 blocks 26214 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=536870912 16 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks:    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912  Writing inode tables: done                             Creating journal (16384 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done  This filesystem will be automatically checked every 28 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

第八步，冷备

[root@serv01 ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql/data/ crm      ib_logfile0  mysql-bin.000001  mysql-bin.000005  mysql-bin.000009  mysql-bin.000013  mysql-bin.index      test game     ib_logfile1  mysql-bin.000002  mysql-bin.000006  mysql-bin.000010  mysql-bin.000014  performance_schema hello    larrydb      mysql-bin.000003  mysql-bin.000007  mysql-bin.000011  mysql-bin.000015  serv01.host.com.err ibdata1  mysql        mysql-bin.000004  mysql-bin.000008  mysql-bin.000012  mysql-bin.000016  serv01.host.com.pid  [root@serv01 opt]# tar -cvPzf mysql01.tar.gz /usr/local/mysql/data/

第九步，删除数据库文件

[root@serv01 ~]# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/*

第十步，挂载

[root@serv01 ~]# mount /dev/data/mydata /usr/local/mysql/data/ [root@serv01 ~]# df -h Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2             9.7G  2.4G  6.8G  27% / tmpfs                 188M     0  188M   0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1             194M   25M  160M  14% /boot /dev/sda5             4.0G  160M  3.7G   5% /opt /dev/sr0              3.4G  3.4G     0 100% /iso /dev/mapper/data-mydata                       2.0G   67M  1.9G   4% /usr/local/mysql/data

第十一步，将挂载信息写入配置文件

[root@serv01 opt]# echo "/dev/mapper/data-mydata /usr/local/mysql/data ext4 defaults 1 2" >> /etc/fstab  [root@serv01 opt]# tail -n1 /etc/fstab  /dev/mapper/data-mydata /usr/local/mysql/data ext4 defaults 1 2

第十二步，停掉数据库

[root@serv01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop  ERROR! MySQL server PID file could not be found! [root@serv01 ~]# ps -ef | grep mysqld root      1055     1  0 18:05 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/serv01.host.com.pid mysql     1332  1055  0 18:05 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/serv01.host.com.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/serv01.host.com.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306 root      1885  1490  0 18:18 pts/0    00:00:00 grep mysqld  [root@serv01 ~]# pkill -9 mysql [root@serv01 ~]# ps -ef | grep mysqld root      1888  1490  0 18:18 pts/0    00:00:00 grep mysqld [root@serv01 ~]# chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data/ -R  [root@serv01 opt]# ll /usr/local/mysql/data/ total 0 [root@serv01 opt]# ll /usr/local/mysql/data/ -d drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 10 18:17 /usr/local/mysql/data/

第十三步，恢复数据

[root@serv01 opt]# tar -xPvf mysql01.tar.gz

第十四步，启动数据库，登录MySQL，然后查看数据是否丢失

[root@serv01 opt]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start Starting MySQL SUCCESS!   [root@serv01 ~]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or /g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.5.29-log Source distribution  Copyright (c) 2000, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.  Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.  Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the current input statement.  mysql> use larrydb; Database changed mysql> show tables; +-------------------+ | Tables_in_larrydb | +-------------------+ | class             | | stu               | +-------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)  mysql> select * from class; +------+--------+ | cid  | cname  | +------+--------+ |    1 | linux  | |    2 | oracle | +------+--------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec)  mysql> select * from stu; +------+---------+------+ | sid  | sname   | cid  | +------+---------+------+ |    1 | larry01 |    1 | |    2 | larry02 |    2 | +------+---------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

第十五步，使用LVS的快照功能创建快照，快照不需要格式化。

[root@serv01 opt]# lvcreate -L 100M -s -n smydata /dev/data/mydata    Logical volume "smydata" created

第十六步，挂载

[root@serv01 opt]# mount /dev/data/smydata /mnt [root@serv01 opt]# df -h Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2             9.7G  2.4G  6.8G  27% / tmpfs                 188M     0  188M   0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1             194M   25M  160M  14% /boot /dev/sda5             4.0G  161M  3.7G   5% /opt /dev/sr0              3.4G  3.4G     0 100% /iso /dev/mapper/data-mydata                       2.0G   98M  1.8G   6% /usr/local/mysql/data /dev/mapper/data-smydata                       2.0G   98M  1.8G   6% /mnt

第十七步，模拟数据丢失和验证快照的数据不会受本身数据的影响

[root@serv01 opt]# cd /mnt [root@serv01 mnt]# ls crm          ib_logfile1       mysql-bin.000003  mysql-bin.000008  mysql-bin.000013  mysql-bin.index game         larrydb           mysql-bin.000004  mysql-bin.000009  mysql-bin.000014  performance_schema hello        mysql             mysql-bin.000005  mysql-bin.000010  mysql-bin.000015  serv01.host.com.err ibdata1      mysql-bin.000001  mysql-bin.000006  mysql-bin.000011  mysql-bin.000016  serv01.host.com.pid ib_logfile0  mysql-bin.000002  mysql-bin.000007  mysql-bin.000012  mysql-bin.000017  test  #进入数据目录，创建一个文件 [root@serv01 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data/ [root@serv01 data]# touch aa01.txt  #进入快照挂载目录，发现没有这个文件 [root@serv01 mnt]# ls aa01.txt ls: cannot access aa01.txt: No such file or directory

第十八步，备份数据

[root@serv01 mnt]# cd /databackup/ [root@serv01 databackup]# ll total 976 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 995761 Sep 10 17:47 mysql01.tar.gz [root@serv01 databackup]# /etc/init.d/mysqld status  SUCCESS! MySQL running (2198) [root@serv01 databackup]# tar -cvzf mysql02.tar.gz /mnt  [root@serv01 mnt]# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/* [root@serv01 mnt]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop  ERROR! MySQL server PID file could not be found! [root@serv01 mnt]# pkill -9 mysql [root@serv01 mnt]# ps -ef | grep mysqld | grep grep -v  [root@serv01 mnt]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data/ [root@serv01 data]# ll total 0

第十九步，恢复数据，启动数据库，登录MySQL，然后查看数据是否丢失

[root@serv01 data]# tar -xvf /databackup/mysql02.tar.gz  [root@serv01 data]# ls mnt [root@serv01 data]# cd mnt/ [root@serv01 mnt]# mv ./* ../  [root@serv01 mnt]# cd .. [root@serv01 data]# ls crm      ib_logfile0  mysql             mysql-bin.000004  mysql-bin.000008  mysql-bin.000012  mysql-bin.000016    serv01.host.com.err game     ib_logfile1  mysql-bin.000001  mysql-bin.000005  mysql-bin.000009  mysql-bin.000013  mysql-bin.000017    serv01.host.com.pid hello    larrydb      mysql-bin.000002  mysql-bin.000006  mysql-bin.000010  mysql-bin.000014  mysql-bin.index     test ibdata1  mnt          mysql-bin.000003  mysql-bin.000007  mysql-bin.000011  mysql-bin.000015  performance_schema  [root@serv01 data]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start Starting MySQL SUCCESS!  [root@serv01 data]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or /g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.5.29-log Source distribution  Copyright (c) 2000, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.  Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.  Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the current input statement.  mysql> use larrydb; Database changed mysql> select * from class; +------+--------+ | cid  | cname  | +------+--------+ |    1 | linux  | |    2 | oracle | +------+--------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)  mysql> select * from stu; +------+---------+------+ | sid  | sname   | cid  | +------+---------+------+ |    1 | larry01 |    1 | |    2 | larry02 |    2 | +------+---------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

四相关阅读

MySQL备份与恢复之冷备
磁盘管理——LVM

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