搞代码

4：通过实例管理命令在服务表里创建一个实例管理服务，设置启动方式为手动
        C:/>oradim -NEW -SID mydb -STARTMODE manual
         -pfile "d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/prod/pfile/initmydb.ora"
        ----》奇怪的是服务管理窗口中显示为启动，但关闭出错？ 
C:/>oradim -SHUTDOWN -SID mydb -USRPWD mydb
ORA-01012: not logged on
        ----》启动出错    
C:/>oradim -STARTUP -SID mydb -USRPWD mydb
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file
'D:/Oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/pfile'
       -----》因为没创建spfile因此在此指定
C:/>oradim -STARTUP -SID mydb -USRPWD mydb
-PFILE "d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/pfile/initmydb.ora"
ORA-00205: error in identifying controlfile, check alert log for more info
D:/Oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/bdump/alert_mydb.log中显示错误原因
大致意思是找不到控制文件，我想可能应该以nomount方式打开，但oradim没提供这个
选项，于是启动sqlplus。

C:/>sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 10.1.0.2.0 - Production on 星期三 4月 11 10:49:13 2007

http://www.gaodaima.com/31410.html创建Oracle数据库_oracle

Copyright (c) 1982, 2004, Oracle.       All rights reserved.

SQL> connect /as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error

SQL> connect sys/mydb as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error

SQL> exit

C:/>set oracle_sid=mydb

C:/>sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 10.1.0.2.0 - Production on 星期三 4月 11 10:50:21 2007

Copyright (c) 1982, 2004, Oracle.       All rights reserved.

SQL> conn sys/mydb as sysdba
Connected.
 
SQL> startup nomount
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file 'D:/Oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/pfile'

SQL> startup nomount pfile="d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/pfile/initmydb.ora"
ORA-01081: cannot start already-running ORACLE - shut it down first

SQL> shutdown
ORA-01507: database not mounted

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup nomount pfile="d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/pfile/initmydb.ora"
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area       171966464 bytes
Fixed Size                        787988 bytes
Variable Size                  145750508 bytes
Database Buffers                25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers                      262144 bytes

----》因为每次都要指定pfile不方便，可以创建一个
C:/>sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 10.1.0.2.0 - Production on 星期三 4月 11 11:02:57 2007

Copyright (c) 1982, 2004, Oracle.       All rights reserved.

SQL> conn sys/mydb as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
create spfile from pfile
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00113: error when processing file
'D:/Oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/pfile'
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file
'D:/Oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/pfile'

----》上面的错误原因是第二步造成的，其中IFILE="..../initmydb.ora"才行。
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
File created.

----》再启动，不用指定pfile了
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
......

SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01507: database not mounted
ORACLE instance shut down.

----》重新启动机器后，orcl数据库总是显示为已启动，mydb为未启动状态
这种情况下orcl其实是一个空闲进程，数据库nomount阶段，mydb则没启动进程，
所要连接到mydb会出现如下错误：
SQL> conn sys/mydb as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
可从服务管理器中启动OracleServicemydb则可以连接了。

----》下面两个操作有点奇怪，我创建的是实例，可使用inst启动不了，需要用srvc
C:/>oradim -startup -sid mydb -starttype inst -usrpwd mydb
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error

C:/>oradim -startup -sid mydb -starttype srvc -usrpwd mydb

5：创建数据库
SQL> CREATE DATABASE mydb
       2        logfile
       3        group 1
       4        ('d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/redo11.log',
       5         'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/redo12.log') size 10m,
       6        group 2
       7        ('d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/redo21.log',
       8         'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/redo22.log') size 10m
       9        datafile 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/system01.dbf' size 100m
10             autoextend on next 10m maxsize unlimited extent management local
11        sysaux datafile 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/sysaux01.dbf' size 50m
12        undo tablespace undotbs01 datafile 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/undotbs1.dbf' size 20m
13        default temporary tablespace temp
14        tempfile 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/temp01.dbf' size 10m
15        default tablespace users
16        datafile 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/users01.dbf' size 10m
17*       character set zhs16gbk
create database mydb
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced

----》查看alert_mydb.log发现错误出现在创建undotbs1.dbf后，
Wed Apr 11 13:48:19 2007
CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS01 DATAFILE       'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/undotbs1.dbf' size 20m

ORA-30012 signalled during: CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS01 DATAFILE       'd:/ora...
Wed Apr 11 13:48:21 2007
Errors in file d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/udump/mydb_ora_828.trc:
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1
ORA-30012: undo tablespace 'UNDOTBS1' does not exist or of wrong type

----》为什么说UNDOTBS1不存在？查看参数文件，发现这么两行
undo_management=AUTO
undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS1

----》于是删除刚创建没成功的一些文件，然后修改创建数据库语句重新来
SQL> conn sys/mydb as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.

----》这次原本是创建成功了，但我为了记录错误原因，将创建好的数据库文件全部删除又来一次，
然后像下面这样修改，又处错了。
Total System Global Area       171966464 bytes
Fixed Size                        787988 bytes
Variable Size                  145750508 bytes
Database Buffers                25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers                      262144 bytes
SQL> l12
12*       undo tablespace undotbs01 datafile 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/undotbs1.dbf' size 20m
SQL> c /undotbs01/undotbs1/
12*       undo tablespace undotbs1 datafile 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/undotbs1.dbf' size 20m
SQL> run
......
create database mydb
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced

----》还是这个错误，但错误原因不一样了
Wed Apr 11 13:55:39 2007
Errors in file d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/udump/mydb_ora_1344.trc:
ORA-01501: CREATE DATABASE failed
ORA-01991: invalid password file 'D:/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1/DATABASE/PWDmydb.ORA'

----》显示口令文件不可用，估计与刚才的删除有关，重新创建口令文件吧
见第三步
----》执行创建数据库的语句创建成功。

----》数据库创建后，自动处于OPEN状态，所有V$...都可以查询，但其他则不可，如：
SQL> select * from dba_users;
select * from dba_users
                   *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

----》解决上面的问题的方法是加载常用的数据字典包
SQL>@d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql

----》使用system用户连接出现的问题
SQL> conn system/zhiqiao
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.

SQL> conn sys/mydb as sysdba
Connected.

SQL> grant connect to system identified by mydb;
Grant succeeded.

SQL> conn system/mydb
ERROR:
ORA-06550: line 1, column 7:
PLS-00201: identifier 'DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO.SET_MODULE' must be declared
ORA-06550: line 1, column 7:
PL/SQL: Statement ignored
Error accessing package DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO
Connected.
----》出现错误，但连接上了，连接orcl，或者用向导创建时没有这个问题。
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYSTEM"

----》除了数据字典包外，通常还要加载以下包
1：PL/SQL程序包       catproc.sql
2：远程数据复制       catrep.sql
3：java程序包       initjvm.sql
4：系统环境文件，必须以system用户登陆       db_1/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

加载PL/SQL程序包时出现很多错误，表或视图不存在，不知道为什么。